中高级翻译技巧

一.被动语态的翻译
汉语和英语在语态使用上有较大的差异:
英语中被动语态用的较多,在没有必要或不愿意说出或者时没办法说出动作发出者时,英语就用被动语态来表示.汉语虽然也有被动语态,但是还是比较倾向于使用主动语态,因此我们在进行翻译之时,在大多数情况下要根据汉语和英语的各自使用习惯来翻译.接下来,我将以有关于被动语态翻译技巧的讲述之下,来让大家体会中英语之间的这种差异
eg: Nowadays ,her songs are so popular among the young people that they are played on the radio every Sunday .
现在,她的歌曲在年轻人中十分走红,每星期天都在电台播放
就这句话而言,大家可以注意到的就是,英语使用的是被动语态,而中文使用的是主动语态,因为很明显,在英语中没有必要说出"播放"这个动作的执行者,而在中文之中,把播放译成"被播放"就显得十分的别扭好,现在我将为大家讲解我刚才写在黑板上的一些句子的被动翻译技巧

1)使用加词法使翻译在汉语中含有被动含义
当使用英译中之时,我们可以使用一些汉语中表示被动的词,而不是简单的就只是用"被"这一个词,这样我们的译文就会变得生动很多
如:由,给,受,把,使.得到,是….的,为….所
请看以下几句句子:
eg: Heads of federal departments are named by the President , and judges are either elected directly by the people or are appointed by elected officials .
联邦政府各部部长由总统任命,法官由人民直接选举,或者由选举出来的官员任命
Though some people have been laid off because of automation , most have been absorbed by new industries and by the growth of service and leisure industries.
有些人由于自动化而失了业,但是多数人为新兴产业及服务休闲业的扩大而吸收
If a computer can be made complex enough , it can be as creative as we.
如果能把电脑造的足够复杂的话,那么电脑就能像人一样富于创造力
It is frequently said that computers solve problems only because they are "programmed" to do so .
人们常说,电脑之所以能解决问题,只是因为它们给输入了解决问题的"程序"
The quality of the product was limited by the cost.
产品的质量受到了成本的限制
The effort of the government was recognized by the public.
政府的努力得到了公众的承认

2)直接译成主动结构
*有些句子在汉语中,使用主动结构更为合适
We both believe that through vigilance and strength , in your words , a war can be postponed , and in our words , war can be avoided.
我们都认为, 有了警惕和实力,用你们的话说, 就可以推迟战争;用我们的话说,就可以避免战争.
When the Constitution was written in 1787, there were only 13 states.
1787年草拟宪法时,美国只有13个州
What we say here will not be long remembered.
我们这里所讲的话, 人们不会

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