(1)经济领域的改革
A:reforms in the sphere of the economy
B:reforms in the economy
(2)我们必须反对铺张浪费的做法。
A:We must oppose the practice of extravagance.
B:We must oppose extravagance.
以上两例中的加黑点部分均为范畴词,如将其直接译成英语(如译文A),不仅行文哕嗦,也不符合英语的表达习惯。汉语中其它的范畴词还有:任务、现象、情况、因素、局面、状况、态度等,在英译时可适当省译,再如:
(3)我们要重视沿海与内地贫富差距问题。
A:We must pay close attention to the problem of the gap between coastal and inland areas.
B:We must pay close attention to the gap between coastal and inland areas.
(4)中国与其它国家的密切合作关系
A:the relationship of close cooperation between China and other countries
B:close cooperation between China and other countries
另外,汉语中名词之间的修饰关系也会迁移到译文中,造成过度的信息冗余,如:
(5)城乡地区人们的生活水平继续提高
A:Living standards for the people in both urban and rural areas continued to rise.
B:Living standards in both urban and rural areas continued to rise.
译文A明显受汉语思维的影响,由于英语中的living standards已蕴含for the people之意,故无需再译出斜体部分。汉语名词在译成英语时,如果该名词表达的意思已体现在相应的动词中,也需要对原文进行省译,如:
(6)加快经济改革步伐
A:to accelerate the pace of economic reform
B:to accelerate economic reform
译文A中的动词accelerate已经包含了斜体部分的意思,因此应将冗余信息the pace of略去。
2.2动词冗余
除名词外,汉语中的动词结构也会在英译时出现迁移性冗余,汉语较多地使用动词,在译文中有时不必译出每个动词,而应根据英语的语义搭配进行省译,避免译文中的赘语,如:
(7)我们必须下决心对当前体制进行改革。
A:We must make up our minds to implement the reform of the current system.
B:We must make up our minds to reform the current system.
(8)直到中国实现工业现代化
A:until China realizes industrial modernization.
B:until China modernizes its industry
以上两例中,译文A的斜体部分不够简约,可将其中的动词略去,把相应的名词转化为动词,从而使译文更加符合英语表达习惯。
(9)各级政府必须解决提高工作效率的问题。
A:Governments at all levels m