6. Prerequisites for Being a Translator
   (1) Mastery of both source language and target language.
       Source language
a.  Familiarity breeds contempt. (proverb)
(a)  熟悉而生轻视之心。亲昵生狎侮。(牛津高级英英英汉
    双解辞三版)
(b)  亲昵生狎侮。近庙欺神。(文馨当代英汉辞典)
(c)  过分亲密会招来轻蔑。(远东新知识英汉辞典)
(d)  亲昵生狎侮。亲不敬、熟生蔑。(建宏多功能英汉辞典)
(e)  虎生犹可近，人熟不堪亲。(增广昔时贤文)

       b. " But this life is half made up of partings...."
                             --Charles Dickens
       c. "Never the time, never the place." --Robert Browning
       d. a piece of  chalk/ bread/ cake/ coin/ advice/ furniture/ linen/
      music/ news/ painting/ poetry/ prose/ paper/ string, etc.

     Target language
   (a) "I want to spend a penny, papa."
      "O.K. I'll wait for you."
      Then the boy went to a public convenience.
(b) Where can I wash my hands?
    You must wash before dinner.

     Grammar & Rhetoric
 a. 他加重语气地说：「我从未见过这样好的女孩。」
 b. 他没有对我说一句话。
   他一句话都没有对我说。
 
(2)  Understanding of cultural background, national character
    and customs.
       Charles Lamb (1775-1834), English essayist / theater / quiet room / (bus) stop
       (bus) request / double decker / bus riding / sea watching / Kruger National Park
       ( in the Republic of South Africa)

  
(3) Practice makes perfect.
       a. 天苍苍，野茫茫，风吹草低见牛羊。
         ( vast, cattle, oxen, stroll, walk)
         The sky is very, very blue;
         The land is very, very vast.
         Over the grass that the wind has blown low,
         One sees oxen and sheep stroll.

         春眠不觉晓，处处闻啼鸟。 (无主词)
         举头望明月，低头思故乡。 (无主词)
         落花人独立，微雨燕双飞。 (有主词)
         破户生蛛网，空梁落燕泥。 (有主词)
         红豆啄余鹦鹉粒，碧桐栖老凤凰枝。 (有主词，但不明显)

b.  云破月来花弄影。
c.  一夕之间风云变色。

7. Tips for Translators

(1) 两句三年得，一吟双泪垂。为求一字妥，捋断数根须。
    鸟宿池边树，僧敲月下门(推)。
(2)  a. 一词多义
     佳、良、好（人）
       A student of mine cut me dead on the campus yesterday.
      b. 词无定译
        National Day / national holiday / Mother’s Day / party chairman
        chemical process / learning process / psychological process
        sunset industry / service industry / sex industry / drug lord / war lord /
        land lord / international trade / drug trade / sex trade
       
(3)  Dictionaries
       cloze test—a reading-comprehension test requiring the supply of deleted
                 words missing from the text.
a.  A Dictionary of New English (10,000)
b.  The Morrow Book of New Words (8500 Terms Not Yet in Standard
     Dictionaries) 

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