3)The effectiveness of these forces was apparently not always high．In conversations with foreigners，some of them freely expressed their dislikes of fighting poor and  heavily burdened lao-pai-hsing(报告集编辑者Esheriek 注：common people，literally “old hundred names” (Service，2004：22)．(老百姓)

        4)Local and provincial forces such as the pao-an-tui(Peace Preservation Corps) proved almost useless because of the consistent regularity with which they went over to the side of the rebels．保安队(音译加解释) (Service，2004：22)

        5)The Government forces recently captured one of the “generals” of the movement， a former chuan-yuan (supervisory magistrate)of Minhsien 专员(音译加解释)(Service，2004：22)

        6)Incidentlly，Governor Ku has the reputation of having been a bitter enemy of the Ch’ing-hung Pang (important secret societies of East China)青红帮(音译加解释)(Service，2004：23)

        在提到保安队、专员、青红帮这些当时中国特有的词语时，谢伟思大多采用了音译加注的方法。这样做的原因可能有三：一是谢伟思可能觉得英语中的原有词汇不能准确表达他报告中的这些中国词汇，音译加注的方法更加准确；二是中国专有的词语的出现显示他的报告有第一手的信息来源，从而增加他的报告的准确性和可靠性；三是向他的上司或同行展示他的中国通的语言实力。当时的美国驻华外交官范宣德、戴维斯、包德瑞等人都会说中文。

        再看2005年美国国防部发表的The Military Power of the People’s Republic of China《中国军力报告》有关“势”的一段文字：

        7）The“strategic configuration of power”or“shi”is roughly equivalent to an “alignment of forces”，although there is not a direct western equivalent．

        军力报告在提到“势”这一中国军事词语时，觉得西方语言中没有直接的对应词，于是同时采用了意译“the strategic configuration of power”和音译“shi”，再加以解释的方法。“势”可见于《孙子兵法》的“势篇”。在“势篇”中，“势”指态势、气势、形势。郑斯农注：“势”谓形势。“势”是物质的运动，军事实力形成的态势(吴九龙，1990：68)

        吴九龙主编，军事科学出版社出版的《孙子校释》英译本中，“势”译为“disposition of military strength”，与军力报告中的“strategic configuration of power”相似。

        从以上的分析可以看出，军力报告的作者用音译“shi”来表达strategic configuration of power，一是英语中确无准确的对应词，二是表明报告的作者研读过中国古代的军事著作《孙子兵法》。

        二、其他美国主流英文媒体对中国特色词汇的翻译策略

        Time和Newsweek以外的美国主流英文媒体，对中国特色词汇的翻译也主要采取了异化为主的翻译策略。Washington Times出版的Insight杂志在采访China’s Century一书的作者Laurence J．Brahm时，不止一次地提到“关系”“guanxi”：

        8)You in your preface on this section make the point that although guanxi(relations)have been a key facet of getting things done in China over the recent period but that China and the government are changing．

        9) You discuss the distinction between “ren zhi” “ rule of man” and “fa zhi” and how it has effected the evolution of law

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