A competent translator must be able to use translation strategies while translating from the source language to the target language. To investigate the translation strategies used by the five participants in this study, the researcher first analysed the transcripts of the TAPs and then mapped them on to Oxford's (1990) SILL to find out whether SILL was used by them and also to find out the other strategies used which were not given in Oxford's (1990) SILL. The strategies used by the five case studies as mapped on to Oxford's (1990) SILL model is presented in Table 2. The participants who had more time translated two texts while those who were pressed for time only agreed to translate one text aloud. The strategies marked with an asterisk and highlighted are the additional strategies found by the researcher in this study. The key to Table 2 is explained in the box below.

        KEY to Table 2

       The first two columns represent the number and types of strategies used, that is both the direct and indirect strategies and the remaining five columns in Table 2 represent the cases while the rows represent the types of strategies used. A tick was put in the column next to the strategy if the strategy was used by the participants for this study, while a cross was put if the strategy was not used by them. The strategies used which are marked with an asterisk mark and bolded are the additional strategies found from this study of the process of translating scientific texts from English to Malay.

       TABLE 2

       The Strategies Used by the Participants in their TAPs

Strategies Used by Participants In This Study Case 1 - One Text Case 2 - Two Texts Case 3 - One Text Case 4 - Two Texts Case 5 - Text

       No. DIRECT STRATEGIES         

       A Memory Strategies         

       1. Using imagery / / x / x

       2. Reviewing / / / / x

       B Cognitive Strategies         

       1. Reading and comprehension / / / / /

       2. Summarising         

       3. Highlighting / x x / x

       4. Analysing and Reasoning—translating / / / / /

       5. * Choosing equivalent terms based on the contextual meaning in the text (situation) and the culture of the target readers by using the discrimination strategy to choose the closest equivalent term in the target language from two or three alternatives identified. / / / / /

       6. Academic Elaboration / / / / x

       7. * Finding their own solutions to the translation problems and carrying them out. / / / / /

       8. Repetition / / / / /

       9. Resourcing x x x / x

       C. Compensation Strategies         

       1 Overcoming limitation in writing: paraphrasing / / / / /

       2. Overcoming limitations in writing: switching to the source language. x x x / x

       II INDIRECT STRATEGIES         

       A Metacognitive Strategies         

       1. Planning and organisation—Making decisions / / / / /

       2. Selective attention—attending to one sentence at a time. / / / / /

       3. * Stating one's own beliefs on how to translate—giving reasons supporting those beliefs and implementing them.

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