bsp; 以上摘要的第一、二句介绍研究的目的与背景用一般现在时，接下去讲述研究的过程用一般过去时。
被动语态不提及动作的有关执行者，使行文显得客观。被动语态的句子结构有利于扩展名词短语、扩充句子信息，因而在科技论文英文摘要中广泛使用。不过，也有学者认为，大量使用被动语态给人一种迂回造作之感。近些年来国外各种学术刊物摘要也不时地采用第一人称主动语态。例如，在一有关土壤科学的国际性刊物中有摘要是这样开头的： Soil invertebrates suffer from contamination of the soil by heavy metals. We have studied the effects of contamination by cadmium, zinc, and lead on their communities in soils in Northern France by comparing polluted land with non-contamined sites. We have followed the seasonal variations and effects of soil properties⋯ (European Journal of Soil Science Vo151 No．3 Sept．2000)
        在英译摘要时，当根据原文要表达的意思确定时态和语态的选择。例如：
讨论具有混沌的复杂系统的‘同步控制，利用一种简单的反馈控制器得到具体实现。其结果是全局性的，利用微分不等式和李雅普诺夫直接方法给出严格的证明。去掉了原有的工作对初始条件及目标轨道所加的不必要的限制， 并应用于Lorenz系统实现混沌同步化。(复旦学报，2000 (5))
        该摘要是从介绍论文的角度写的， 因此可用一般现在时；行文采用了常见的无人称句，在翻译时， 既可用被动语态也可用主动语态， 比如首句可译为： This paper discusses the synchronization and control of chaotic complex system⋯ 或译为：Synchronization and control of chaotic complex system is discussed⋯．为了突出有关的概念、问题、事实等， 以被动语态较好。译文为：
Synchronization and control of chaotic complex system is discussed an d implemented by using a simple feedback controller. The result, which is global，is rigorously proved by means of differential inequalities and Lyapunov’s method. The limitations on the initial conditions and the target trajectory in the previous works are removed. An application to the synchronization of Lorenz system is presented．
        科技文献程式化的正式程度(the degree of formality)较高，有些文献的语言程式、体例、甚至特定部分的用词大致不变。译者在英译摘要时不妨按一些基本定型的语句模式进行翻译。特列出一些句型供参考。
(1)表示研究对象、内容、目的等：
This paper describes…
…was studied ／investigated…
We investigated／studied／tested／examined…
This study was designed to／The experiment was conducted to⋯
The objective／aim was to…
(2)表示方法、过程：
The experimental procedure used was…
The method involves…
Samples were obtained by…
… was measured／assessed／qualified／examined／exposed／carried out by…
⋯ was used in this study．
We first studied ⋯ , next studied…
(3)表示结果、结论：
The results／These data suggest／show / reveal／mean／
indicate／imply that…
We concluded／found／advocated that...
The study has important implication for…
It was concluded that…
In conclusion, it appears that…
It is suggested／inferred that…
        英国现代著名科学家w．L．B贝费里奇在《科学研究与艺术》这部论著中提醒青年科学家要注意论文写作的技巧和艺术，他说：“人们对于科技论文的主要意见尚不在于英语不够完美， 而是不清晰、不准确。” 这话也当激发我们科技工作者注意提高母语和英语水平以适应时代的要求。

来源：成丽芳 ，赵 莉

 

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