And in another part...
        "Close to 90 percent of the translators surveyed indicated that they have college or university degrees. The majority of freelance and in-house translators have undergraduate or postgraduate qualifications in the social sciences (84 percent and 44 percent respectively), and more than half (60 percent) of the self-employed translators surveyed have degrees in the sciences.... Almost a fifth of the freelance and in-house translators indicated that they have completed a formal course in translation, however, none of the self-employed translators had completed such courses."
        [Note: Demographically, the self-employed translators who were surveyed tended to be older, have more experience in terms of years, and be overwhelmingly male compared to the freelance and in-house translators surveyed. More than half of the self-employed translators had a formal background in the sciences and said that they translate in very specific, narrow areas. In comparison, most freelance and in-house translators had a social sciences/humanities background or an "other" background. Judy Wakabayashi may have more information on this, but at least in Australia and Europe, T/I courses only came into vogue approximately 20 years ago, and at their inception, overwhelmingly favoured the European languages....]
        Last quote from my paper:
        "The small percentage of freelance or in-house translators who indicating completion of a formal course in translation indicates that these courses may not be required for their current employment.Cordero ["The role of the university in the professionalization of the translator" in Deanna L. Hammond, Ed. Professional Issues for Translators and Interpreters, Volume VII, John Benjamins Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1994, p. 117] stated that 'one of the reasons why the role of the university in translator training ... is so controversial is the fact that there are a great number of translators, among them highly qualified ones, who have had no specialized training as translators at an institution of higher learning."
        There we have it: the market (and perhaps even the culture of the market) probably dictates the qualifications.
        Leslie M. Tkach
        ________________________________________
        I see translation as a means to exercise both my engineering background and my second language. Both required pretty much equal levels of effort to acquire, and I wanted a career that put equal weight on both.Translation was not a matter of "falling into" but of conscious, considered choice. (By the way, I acquired my most recent engineering degrees after I learned Japanese.)
        David J. Littleboy
        ________________________________________
        > This would seem to indicate that most translators
        > start off somewhere else and then sort of fall
        > into translation.
        I prefer to think of it as ascending into translation.
        Tom Gally

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