bsp;   • Discuss the theoretical implications of your work and practical applications that you foresee. Be careful to keep your theoretical projections in proportion to the scope of your experiment.

       Leave most of the speculation to the readers.

       • Present the interpretation of your findings as clearly as possible. Present a summary of evidence for each major finding.

       • Make succinct concluding statements at the end of the discussion.

       These conclusions may be what people remember most about your study.

       Special note for the writing assignment for Bios 311: Be aware of flaws or weaknesses in your data but do not belabor them with infinite analysis. Exceptions and inconsistency in your data should be mentioned and unsettled points described briefly.

       If the data are substantially flawed you will not include them in the paper.

       Remember that this writing assignment is to emulate a paper for publication which is significantly different from a laboratory report.

       While you are compiling your introduction information, judge the papers for style and try to emulate these professional papers.

Summary (Abstract)

       The Summary/Abstract is a concise, complete report of a scientific investigation that "stands alone" without further explanation. The summary/abstract is typically ONE paragraph with 200 to 250 words. Lengthy discussions and references to the literature are omitted from the summary/abstract.

       The summary/abstract must include

       • basic justification for conducting the study

       • research objectives

       • basic methods used

       • specific results

       • major conclusions

       References

       • Davis, M. (1997) Scientific Papers and Presentations, Academic Press, San Diego, CA

       • Day, R.A. (1994) How to Write and Publish a Scientific Paper, Fourth Edition, Oryx Press, Phoenix, AZ

       • McMillan, V.E. (2001) Writing Papers in the Biological Sciences, Third Edition, Bedford/St. Martin's, Boston, MA

       • Review the reading assignments in McMillan, 3rd edition.

       • For additional information and examples, read Writing Research Papers on Dr. Caprette's Bios 211 web page.

Style Guidelines for the Final Paper

       **Adapted for BIOS 311 from The Journal of Biological Chemistry:

       Instructions to AuthorsandEditorial Policies and Practices

       Organization

       • Text MUST be typed in a font size of 12 points; use either Times or Times New Roman.

       • Print on 8.5 x 11 paper; do NOT submit electronically in PDF format and do NOT use the two column layout as shown on the JBC website.

       • Use double spacing throughout.

       • Use one-inch margins.

       • Arrange in the following order:

       1. title page with title, author(s), and complete name(s) of institution(s)

       2. summary

       3. introduction

       4. experimental procedures

       5. results

       6. discussion

       7. references

       8. footnotes

       9. figure legends

      &

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