六、现症史Present Illness
       （1）他在1960年9月生了病；疲劳渐渐加重，周身不适，并且体重减轻。
       He became ill in Sept. 1960, with gradually increasing fatigue, general malaise and loss of weight.
       ※疾病的发生
       -开始头痛 started having the headaches
       -开始发生紫绀 began having episodes of cyanosis
       -开始感觉疲劳 began feeling tired
       -变成稍一用力即会喘息 became breathless on the least exertion
       -发觉开始过度疲劳 noted the onset of excessive fatigue
       -晚餐时饮酒差不多一定会引起发作 a supper drink almost invariably provokes an attack
       -不能恢复以前的那种活力 fail to regain one's previous vitality and vigor
       -开始觉得比以前更加容易疲倦 began to fell more easily fatigued
       ex1:The disease began (occurred ; started) 3 months ago. It progressed , slowly but steadily until today.
       ex2: In the spring of 1958 he first noticed (noted; perceived; recognized) easy fatiguability.
       ※初发病型
       ex1: He became increasingly subject to fits of temper.
       ex2: He suddenly developed weakness in the right leg.
       （2）她的膀胱过敏症消失，但在1960年秋天复发。
       Her symptoms of bladder irritability subsided, but recurred in the autumn of 1960.
       ※病征
       -有疼痛和已述的症状 pain plus the symptoms already mentioned
       -想把症状和~关连起来 attempt to correlated symptoms with~
       -症状自然消退 symptoms spontaneously regressed
       -症状消失(并未缓和) symptoms disappeared (did not abate)
       -症状忽缓忽急 symptoms waxed and waned from time to time
       -不留意症状 give the symptoms no concern
       -忽略( 不理) 症状 disregard (dismiss) symptoms
       -对症状不甚留意 do not pay much attention to the symptoms
       -对孩子们显得不关心、冷淡 one appeared uninterested and uninformed about one's children
       -呕吐是~发病的前驱症状 vomiting heralded the onset of one's symptoms
       -~的病有伤寒的样子 one's illness assumed the character of typhus
       -再发（have a) relapse；recur; recurrence
       -疾病无再发征象 no evidence of recurrent disease
       -同一症候再发 the return of the same symptoms
       ex1: He had (presented; developed; showed; manifested) mild symptoms of diphtheria.
       ex2: There have been concurrent heartburn and eructation.
       ※无~症状
       ex1: The carious tooth has persisted for years without clinical symptoms.
       ex2: He continued remarkably free of symptoms except for aural discharge until Nov. 1961.
       （3）他记得一年前，在同一季节里，有过一次同样的发作。
       He remembered a similar attack a year before in the same season.
       ※发作
       -一时性眩晕 transitory attacks of dizziness
       -发作不规则 attacks are variable
       -发作变了型态 the attacks changed pattern
       -患急性关节炎 have acute attacks of arthritis
       -发作多半在夜间发生 attacks occurred chiefly at night
       -患2次肺炎 had 2 episodes of pneumonia
       -发生癫痫样的发作 developed seizures of an epiletic nature
       -发作前后觉得舒适 feel well between attacks
       -平均继续了3~4分钟 lasted on average 3 to 4 minutes
       -一年来没有发作 have been free of attacks for one year
       -发作停止(消失，完全消失)了 attacks ceased ( subsided, clear up completely)
       ex1: A similar attack appeared in the following morning. It ran the same course as the first one.
       ex2: The most recent episode occurred approximately one month before his first visit to the clinic.
       ※发作时间
       -B随A A is followed by B : B follows A
       -A与B同时发生 A is associated with B
       -和~有关系 have (make) relation to~
       -和~不相关 have (make) no relation to~
       -似乎与姿势、咳嗽、过度用力无关 appeared unrelated to position, coughing,or straining.
       ex1: The attacks were preceded by 3 or 4 hour prodromes of nausea, abdominal distention, diarrhea or constipation, followed by 5 to 6 hour period of cramping abdominal pain and bile-stained vomiting, terminated by transient diarrhea.
       ex2: The pain was described as being of a cramping nature and sometimes appeared to be related to the ingestion of cold water or milk.医学 全在.线提供www.med126.com
       （4）每天服用pyrazinamide 4次，每次75mg.后，咳嗽减少，痰亦减半，热度
       也降低。
       With pyrazinamide, 75 mg. 4 times daily, there was improvement of cough, a 50 per cent decline in sputum, and a reduction of fever.
       ※症状的减轻和消失
       -转佳 take a favorable turn ; take a turn for the better ; improve
       -显著减轻 decrease drastically (markedly)
       ex1: Such attacks usually subside promptly with rest, in an hour or so , sometimes in a few minutes.
       ex2: The swelling of the legs disappeared within about a week.
       （5）疼痛发生于饭后，便秘发生后，疼痛更加厉害，期间也较长。
       The pain came on after meals and became more severe and lasted longer with the onset of constipation.
       ※症状的恶化
       -恶化 take a bad turn ; take a turn for the worse; be aggravated (exacerbated)
       -显著地恶化 became noticeably worse
       -渐趋显著 became increasingly apparent
       -黄疸总是恶化 have frequent exacerbations of jaundice
       -病入膏肓 one's case is incorrigible
       -病状时愈时犯 one's illness hangs in the balance
       ex1: During the last 6 weeks he has observed progressive shortness of breath on exertion.
       ex2: The pain was aggravated by exercise and alleviated somewhat by lying down.
       （6）他的一般情形，一直没有变化。
       His general condition continued without change.
       ※症状无变化
       ex1: He remained about the same a yesterday.
       ex2: His headache has persisted (continued) to date ( the present).
       Exercise1
       1.家族历无先天性疾病。
       2.据他说，他家里没有人患与此相同的病。
       3.家族历无特别记载事项。
       4.他有出血倾向。
       5.从家族历看来，母方有血友病的遗传。
       6.他出生于健康而无精神疾遗传的家庭。
       7.他父亲的死因不明。
       8.他在28岁时，死于肺结核。
       9.他在发病后5天就死了。
       10.他在清晨1点25分去世。

       1.
       a)The family history revealed (disclosed, showed, indicated) no congenital disease.
       b)No F.H. of congenital disease was elicited (present).
       c)There was no history of congenital disease in the family.
       d)The family had no history of congenital disease.
       e)There was nothing in the F.H. suggestive of (to suggest) congenital disease.
       f)There was no congenital disease in the family history.
       2.
       a)According to his statement, no other members of his family have ever had (contracted) the same disease.
       b)From his statement, there was no similar disease in the other member of his family.
       c)He stated (said, related, claimed, alleged, affirmed) that no other members of his family were similarly affected.
       3.
       a)The family history was noncontributory (unavailable).
       b)F.H. was not remarkable (contributory).
       c)F.H. revealed nothing remarkable (particular, significant, worth recording)
       d)No particular data were available about the family history.
       e)There was no relevant family history.
       f)F.H.:Nothing relevant was indicated.
       4.
       a)He has a bleeding tendency.
       b)He has a tendency to bleed.
       c)He is inclined to bleed.
       5.
       a)F.H. revealed that hemophilia is transmitted (inherited) on the maternal side.
       b)Judging from the family history, hemophilia ran in the maternal line.
       c)In the family history there was a hemophiliac tendency on the maternal side.
       6.
       a)He was born in a healthy family without any evidence of hereditary psychosis.
       b)He was (descended) from a family, healthy and free from hereditary psychosis.
       c)He came from a healthy family without the slightest trace of hereditary
       psychosis.
       7.
       a)The cause of his father's death is unknown (uncertain, undetermined).
       b)His father died from an unknown cause.
       c)His father died without definite cause.
       8.
       a)He died at the age of twenty-eight of pulmonary tuberculosis.
       b)TB caused (brought about) his death at 28.
       c)He died of TB in his 28th year.
       9.
       a)He died 5 days after he became sick.
       b)Five days after the onset of his illness he died.
       c)After an illness of 5 days he died.
       10.
       a)He died at 1:25 a.m.
       b)He was found dead in bed at 1:25 a.m.
       c)His respirations ceased at 1:25 a.m.
       来源：医学全在线