十一、神经精神系统 Neuropsychiatric

       （1）他数星期来，有好几次在眩晕前，意识突然发生变化。
       He had several sudden alterations in consciousness preceded by dizziness for several weeks.
       ※神经症状
       -一般用语 vertigo, dizziness, dizzy spell, syncope, fainting, sleepy, drowsy, lethargic, insomnia, hiccough, convulsion, seizure, trembling, involuntary movement, numbness, weakness, incoordination, clumsiness of motion, tingling, unsteadiness in walking, difficulty in walking, paresthesia, anesthesia, paralysis, myalgia, thick speech, aphonia
       ex1:他发觉，说话障碍逐渐厉害起来。
       He noted a progressive speech impediment.
       ex2:他不能用病侧脚尖站着。
       He was unable to stand on tiptoe on the affected limb.

       （2）他的情绪容易突变，且会无缘无故地愠怒和哭泣。
       He is liable to sudden changes of mood and would sulk and cry for no apparent reason.
       ※抑郁
       -一般用语 despondent, gloomy, worried, disgusted, discouraged, scared, fearful, low, afraid, angry, blue ; cheerful, optimistic, pessimistic, satisfied, stable, fluctuating, hilarious
       -喜欢小题大做的 fussy
       -好管闲事的 noisy
       -吹毛求疵的 fault-finding
       -自负的 conceited
       -很势利的 snobbish
       -自私的 selfish
       -吝啬的 stingy
       -气量大的 broad-minded
       -慷慨的 generous
       -好心的 kind-hearted
       -心情变幻不定而抑郁的 be moody and depressed
       -患有极痛苦的忧虑 have an attack of excruciating anxiety
       ex1:His mood was appropriate.
       ex2:His mood was mainly euphoric and expansive.
       ※思考能力
       -一般用语 think less clearly, decreased speed of thinking, decreased clarity of
       thought, flight of ideas, loss of mental vigor , mental apathy
       -再也不能集中心力 can no longer concentrate
       -发觉集中力减退 noted waning powers of concentration
       ex1:她发觉在读习和写作时，注意力有点不易集中。
       She noted only slight difficulty in concentrating while reading and writing.

       （3）他迷妄，有生动的幻觉，并且不能说出连贯的病历。
       He was deluded, vividly hallucinated, and unable to give any coherent history.
       ※精神异常
       -一般用语 hallucination, delusion of persecution(被害妄想), mental confusion, disorientation, mental aberration, negativism, loss of memory, amnesia, mutism, etc.
       -老是发出痴呆、不适当的笑声 frequently exhibit silly inappropriate laughter
       -对其他小孩残酷无情 behave brutally toward other children
       -变为难于驾御 become unmanageable
       -发觉个性显著变化 a definite personality change is noted
       -精神失常逐渐厉害起来 have gradually progressive mental deterioration.
       -发觉记性障碍有2个月 noted memory impairment for 2 months.

       （4）她显示出心情、情绪反常的显著倾向。
       She manifested a marked tendency toward destructiveness and disturbance of mood and affect.
       ※性癖异常
       -一般用语 emotional instability, tendency to worry, hot temper, temper outbursts, irritable, shy, fussy, quarrelsome
       -情绪非常窘迫 be in severe increasing emotional lability
       -心神不安宁,坐立不安 be restless and fidgety
       -动辄生气 be easily moved to anger
       -脾气暴躁 have temper tantrums
       -深怀自卑感 harborn deep feelings of inferiority
       ex1:病人的健康状态良好，情绪似使正常。
       The patient is in good condition and seems to be emotionally undisturbed.
       ex2:他老是神经过敏，自从心悸发生后更加厉害。
       He was always a 'nervous' person but more so since the onset of palpitation.

       exercise 4

       1.他不知道病的起因。
       2.他的病是慢慢地发作的。
       3.他上腹部突然痛起来。
       4.他的病，是在住院前3星期开始的。
       5.约在7个月前，他第一次发觉，吞东西不如以前顺利。
       6.3天前他开始咳嗽，一直继续到现在。
       7.从去年8月，他开始有食欲不振，体重减轻和发烧的症状。
       8.他的症状是喉痛和无力。
       9.他的消化系统，完全无症状。
       10.他的老病---风湿症，又发了。
       11.3天前，他的病开始好转。
       12.昨天他的病更加恶化。
       来源：医学全在线