十三、呼吸Resp., 咳嗽Cough, 痰Sputum

       （1）他诉说被呼吸困难苦恼了好多天。
       He complains of difficulty of breathing, which annoyed him for several days.
       ※呼吸
       -呼吸困难 breathe hard (with difficulty) ; have difficulty in breathing ( respiration)
       -呼吸困难 dyspnea (夜间性 nocturnal, 发作性paroxysmal)
       -安静时（运动性）呼吸困难 dyspnea at rest (on exertion)
       -常发生发作性夜间呼吸困难 frequent episodes of paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
       -呼吸困难突然厉害起来 have sudden increase in dyspnea
       -患轻微的运动性呼吸困难 have some mild exertional dyspnea
       -患急性呼吸困难 have an acute attack of dyspnea
       -无呼吸困难 have no respiratory embarrassment
       -偶有心悸 have occasional palpitations
       -心悸反复发生 have recurrent episodes of palpations
       Ex1:第2天早晨，病人呼吸变为非常困难和衰弱。
       The next morning the patient became extremely dyspneic and weak.
       Ex2:走快或上楼梯时，他总是气促的。
       He always becomes short-winded when walking hastily or going up stairs.

       （2）这个病人常常咳嗽，并且吐出灰色的臭痰。
       The patient coughs very often and expectorates foul-smelling grayish sputum.
       ※咳嗽医学全在线www.med126.com
       -种类 short, sharp, small, dry(hasty), moist, constant, painful, irritable, spasmodic, wheezing, distressed, rasping
       -咳个不停 have a fit of coughing; cough oneself into a fit (fits)
       -苦咳个不停 have a hard (racking; convulsive) cough
       -患4天干燥发作性咳嗽 experience a 4-day episode of dry paroxysmal cough.
       -2岁时开始有间歇性烦咳 intermittent hacking cough started at 2 years old
       -咳嗽减少了 one＇s cough diminished
       -发生轻度无痰的干咳 develop slight nonproductive cough
       -有点（很多）咯血 have minimal (massive) hemoptysis.
       -咯出一点血 cough (expectorate; spit) up (out) a little blood
       -开始咯出黑血斑点 began coughing op flecks of dark blood
       -呕血 vomit blood
       Ex1:他偶而咳嗽，但不曾感觉胸部痛、发烧或体重减轻。
       He coughed occasionally, but he has never experienced pain in the thorax, fever, or loss of weight.
       Ex2:最近6个月，他的咳嗽一直带有轻微咯血。
       For the last 6 months, he has been coughing with slight hemoptysis.

       ※痰
       -种类 thin, thick, fetid, serous, frothy, tenacious, viscous, mucous( mucoid), mucopurulent, transparent, seropurulent, rusty
       -中等量（多量、大量）带有灰白色痰的咳嗽 moderate amounts ( a great deal, large quantities) of grayish-white sputum
       -痰涌上咽喉，有酸味 phlegm wells up in the throat and tastes sour
       -痰堵住嗓子了 phlegm blocked the windpipe
       -半杯黄色痰 one half cup of yellowish sputum
       -吐脓性，偶而带血的痰 produce purulent, occasionally blood-tinged sputum
       -开始有点咳嗽，并且有约3公撮的血痰 began to have some cough and produced about 3 ml. of bloody sputum.
       -一点也咳不出痰 do not raise any phlegm at all
       -咳痰停止了 expectoration ceased
       Ex1:他开始有少量带血丝的痰。
       He began to expectorate small amounts of blood-streaked sputum.
       Ex2:他的咳嗽已经不像以前那样厉害，痰里也不再有血斑了。
       His cough was not so severe as it had been and sputum was no longer flecked with blood.
       来源：医学全在线