第八章  体检（胸腹部）[Physical examination(chest and belly)]

        1、肋骨和软组织[ribs and soft tissure]
       •胸骨上切迹[suprasternal notch]
       •浮肋[free ribs]
       •胸壁[chest wall]
       •扁平（桶状、佝偻、漏头、鸡）胸[flat (barrel,rachitic, funnel, pigeon) chest]
       •皮下气肿[subcutaneous emphysema]
       •捻发音[Crepitus]
       •佝偻病串珠[rachitic rosary]
       •软骨病[chondrosteoma]
       •脂肪瘤[lipoma]
       •软骨发育不全[achondroplasia (chondrodysplasia)]
       •软组织损伤[soft tissue injury]
       •肋骨畸形[abnormality of the ribs(rib deformity, costal anomaly)]
       •肋骨串珠（错位）[beading (displacement) of rib]
       •肋软骨畸形[costochondral deformity]
       •肋软骨增生[costal cartilage hyperplasia]
       •肋下切口[subcostal incision]
       •肋间隙宽（窄）[wide (narrow) intercostal space]
       2、乳房[breast]
       •对称性[symmetry]
       •乳头内陷（内缩）[crater (retracted) nipple]
       •乳头皱裂[cracked nipple]
       •乳头偏斜（抬高）[nipple skewness(elevation)]
       •乳头溢液[nipple discharge]
       •乳头脓肿（溃疡、血肿）[abscess (ulcer, hematoma) of nipple]
       •乳头过小[hypomastia]
       •乳斑[milk spots]
       •乳房潮红[breast flush]
       •乳房出血[mastorrhagia]
       •乳房过早发育[premature thelarche]
       •乳房肿胀（脓肿）[mammary swelling(abscess)]
       •乳房湿疹[eczema mammae]
       •乳房下垂[mastoptosis (pendulous breast)]
       •乳房萎缩[mastatrophy]
       •巨乳[macromastia]
       •乳晕[mammary areola]
       •乳房硬化[zaranthan]医.学.全.在线.网.站.提供
       •异常泌乳[abnormal lactation]
       •男子女性化乳房[gynecomastism]
       •乳房皮肤红肿[erythroswelling of mammary skin]
       •乳房桔皮征[mammary orange-peel sign]
       •乳记局限性凹陷[mammary localized pitting]
       •乳房瘘管[breast fistula]
       •正常女性乳房[normal female breasts]
       •无压痛性肿块[nontender mass]
       3、肺[lung]
       •呼吸缓慢（急促）[bradypnea (tachypnea)]
       •呼吸浅慢（深快）[hypopnea (hyperpnea)]
       •呼吸不规则[irregular respiration]
       •点头呼吸[nodding breathing]
       •端坐呼吸[orthopnea]
       •三凹征[retraction sign of three fossae]
       •叹息样呼吸[sighing respiration]
       •浅快[shallow and rapid]
       •呼（吸）气性呼吸困难[expiratory (inspiratory) dyspnea]
       •呼吸道烧伤（塌陷）[burn (collapse) of respiratory tract(airway)]
       •呼吸道阻塞[respiratory tract obstruction]
       •呼吸均匀（呼吸加深或加快）[eupnea(exaggerated or acclerated respiratory)]
       •呼吸停止[apnea]
       •呼吸费力[respiration is labored]
       •语音（触觉）震颤[vocal (tactile) fremitus]
       •语颤相等（减弱、增强）[vocal fremitus is equal(diminished, accentuated)]
       •间接（直接）叩诊[mediate (immediate) percussion]
       • 浊（实、鼓、清、过清、金属）音[dullness (flatness, tympany, vesicular resonance, hyperresonance, bell)]
       •移动范围[range of movement]医学.全.在线.网.站.提供
       • 呼吸音消失（减弱，增强）[absence (diminution, exaggeration) of breath sound]
       •呼吸音粗（清）[sound of breath(SOB) is rough (clear)]
       •支气管（支气管肺泡，肺泡）音[bronchophony (bronchovesicular sound, vesicular sound)]
       •管状呼吸音[tubular breath sound]
       •捻发音[crepitant rales]
       •爆裂音[crackles]
       •干（湿）罗音[dry (moist) rales]
       •细（中等、粗）罗音[fine (medium, coarse) rales]
       •呼（吸）气未罗音[end-inspiratory (expiratory) rales]
       •胸膜摩擦音[pleural friction rub]
       •呼（吸）气延长[prolonged inspiratory (expiratory)]
       •高（低）调鼾音[sibilant (sonorous) rhonchi (sonorous rales)]
       •哨笛音[sibilant rales]
       •哮鸣音[wheezing]
       •小（中、大）水泡音[small(middle, big) bubbles]
       •支气管语音[bronchophony]
       •耳语音[whispered]
       •羊鸣音[egophony]
       •高（低）音调[high (low)-pitched]
       •两肺部（右背部）[over both lung fields (right back)]
       •两（左）肺底[over the both (left) lower lung]
       •整个肺野[the whole lung field]
       •左（右）上（下）肺[the left (right) upper (lower) lung]
       •肺尖（底）[apex (base) of lung]
       4、心脏[Heart]
       •用手掌（指尖）触诊心尖搏动[palpate apical area with palm(fingertips)]
       •心前区隆起（凹陷）[precordial bulge (retraction)]
       •搏动弥漫（局限）[diffuse (local) pulsation]
       •负性搏动[inward inpulse]
       •心尖搏动[apex beat (apical impulse)]
       •剑突下搏动[xiphoideusal pulsaton]
       •抬举性心尖搏动[heaving apex impulse]
       •心尖搏动最强点[point of maximal impulse (PMI)]
       •锁骨中线[mid-calvicular line (MCL)]
       •肋间[intercostal space (ICS)]
       •收缩（舒张）期震颤[systolic (diastolic) thrill]
       •心浊音界[the border of cardiac dullnes]
       •心绝对（相对）浊音界扩大（缩小）[enlarged (diminished) absolute (relative) cardiac dullness]
       •叩诊心脏大小正常[heart size is normal on (to) percussion]
       •心脏向左（右）扩大[cardiac dilation (enlargement) to the left (right)]
       •第1（2、3、4）心音[S1(S2,S3,S4)]
       •第1心音增强（减弱，听不清）[first heart sound is exaggerate (decreased, muffled)]
       •生（病）理性杂音（分裂）[physiologic (pathological) murmur (splitting)]
       •生理性（固定、反常、逆）分裂[physiologic (fixed, paradoxical, reversed) splitting]
       •肺动脉瓣第2心音>(=，<)主动脉瓣第2心音[P2>(=，<)A2]
       •大炮音[connon sound]
       •心音消失[heart sound is absent (disapeared)]
       •心音增强（减弱）[accentuated (diminished) cardiac sound]
       •心音响亮（遥远）[cardiac sound is loud (distant)]
       •收缩期（舒张期，连续性）杂音[systolic (diastolic, continuous) murmur]
       •收缩（舒张）前（中、晚）期杂音[pre-(mid-, post) systolic (diastolic) murmur]
       •全收缩期的[holosystolic(pansystolic)]
       •全舒张期的[holodiastolic (pandiastolic)]
       •低（高）音调[low (high) pitched]
       •递减（递增，递减-递增）性杂音[decrescendo (crescendo, decrescendo-crescendo)murmur]
       •呈喷射型[be ejection in type]
       •Ⅳ级喷射型收缩期杂音[grade Ⅳ(I-Ⅳ/6) systolic ejection murmur]
       •吹风样杂音[murmur of puffing character]
       •低音调隆隆样[low-pitched rumbling quality]
       •柔和（粗糙）的[soft (harsh or rough)]
       •吹风样（喷射性、隆隆样、沙沙声样、搔抓声样、机器声样、汽笛声样、倒水声样）杂音[blowing (ejection, rumbling, rustting, scratching, machinary, whistling, pouring )murmur]
       •功能性（器质性）杂音[functional (organic) murmur]
       •血管（静脉）杂音[vascular (venous) murmur]
       •枪击音[pistol shot sound]医学全.在线网.站.提供
       •静脉营营音[venous hum]
       •奔马律[gallop rhythm]
       •胎心律[embryocardia]
       •心律齐（不齐）[regular (irregular) rhythm]
       •心律不齐[arrhythmia]
       •二（三）联律[bigeminy (trigeminy)]
       •早搏[premature (extrasystol)]
       •喀嗽音[click]
       •钟摆律[pendular rhythm]
       •二尖瓣开瓣音[mitral opening snap]
       •心包摩擦音[pericardial friction sound]
       •听诊[on auscultation]
       •二尖瓣（主瓣，肺瓣，三尖瓣）听诊区[mitral (aortic, pulmonary, tricuspid) valve area]
       •心包叩击音[pericardial knock]
       •肿瘤扑落音[tumor plop]
       5、腹部[abdomen]
       •腹（妊娠）纹[abdominal striae (striae gravidarum)]
       •腹膨隆[abdominal distention (prominence)]
       •腹平坦（凹陷）[abdominal flatness (retraction)]
       •蛙状（球状、舟状）腹[frog(bulbous, scaphoid) belly (abdomen)]
       •腹围增大[increased abdominal girth]
       •肠型[intestinal pattern]
       •梯形腹[ladder-shaped abdomen]
       •胃（小肠）蠕动波[gastric (intestinal) peristaltic wave]
       •静脉曲张[varicosity (dilated tortuous vein)]
       •疤痕[scar]
       •腹壁紧张（松驰）[guarding (abdominal muscular relaxation)]
       •腹壁切口（创伤）[incision (wound) of abdominal wall]
       •腹部分区[abdominal region]
       •左（右）上（下）腹[left (right) upper (lower) quadrant]
       •脐膨出[projection of the umbilicus]
       •腹式呼吸[abdominal (diaphragmatic) breathing]
       •腹壁松弛[lax abdominal wall]
       •肝肿大[hepatomegaly (enlargement of the liver)]
       •脾肿大[splenomegaly (enlargement of the spleen)]
       •右肋下5厘米[5 cm below the right costal margin]
       •肿块（肝）质硬[firm mass (liver)]
       •莫菲氏征[murphy`s sigh]
       •肌卫现象[muscle guarding (tension)]
       •反跳痛[rebound tenderness]
       •压痛点[tenderness point]
       •剑突下压痛[tenderness beneath the xiphoid process]
       •麦氏点压痛[McBurney`s point tenderness]
       •腹肌强直（板状腹，板样强直）[rigor of abdominal muscle (wooden belly, board-like rigidity)]
       •柔韧感[dough kneeding sensation]
       •波动感[fluctuation]
       •腹股沟疝[inguinofemoral hernia]
       •腹壁反射[abdominal reflex]
       •腹水征[sign of ascites]
       •膀胱肿大[bladder expansion]
       •膀胱区（脊肋角）压痛[tenderness of bladder region (costovertebral angle)]
       •肾（肝）区叩击病[percussion tenderness on kidney (liver) region]
       •移动性浊音[shifting dullness]
       •鼓音[tympany(tampanitic resonance)]
       •肝（脾）浊音区[hepatic (splenic)dullness area]
       •肠鸣音正常（亢进、减弱、消失）[normal (hyperactive, diminished, absent) bowel sound]
       •气过水声[gurgling]
       •振水声[succusion (splashing) sound]阿
      

        来源：医学全在线