第九章  体检（神经、骨骼和肌肉）[Physical examination(nerve,skeleton and muscle)]
       •痛（空间、触、视、震动、实体、立体、姿势、光、运动、味、温、色、平衡）[pain (space, tactil, visual, vibratory, strereognostic, proprioceptive, posture, light, kinesthetic, taste, thermic, color, equilibrium) sense]
       •关节觉[arthresthesia]
       •震动觉[seismesthesia]
       •复合感觉[synaesthesia]
       •听（位置，嗅）觉[sense of hearing (position, smell)]
       •感觉异常（缺失，过敏，减退）[abnormal sensation (anesthesia, hyperesthesia, hypoesthesia)]
       •半身感觉缺失[hemisensory defect]
       •感觉迟钝（错乱）[dysesthesia (paresthesia)]
       •感觉障碍（异常）[sensory disturbance (paraesthesia)]
       •感觉正常[intact sensation (euesthesia)]
       •痛觉过敏（减退）[hyperalgia (hypoalgia)]
       •痛觉缺失[alganesthesia (analgesia)]
       •嗅觉迟钝（减退，过敏）[amblyaphia (hypopselaphesia, hyperpselaphesia)]
       •束带状感觉[girdle sensation]
       •蚁走感[formication (creeping sensation)]
       •瘫痪（偏瘫、单瘫、截瘫、四肢瘫）[paralysis (hemiplegia, monoplegia, 碍paraplegia, quadriplegia)]
       •软（硬）瘫[soft (stiff) paralysis]
       •周围（中枢）性瘫[peripheral (central) paralysis]
       •轻瘫[paresis]医.学.全.在.线网站www.med126.com
       •交叉性（同向性）瘫[alternate (cojugate) paralysis]
       •交叉瘫[crossed paralysis]
       •痉挛性（弛缓性、癔病性、小儿）瘫（麻痹）[spastic (flaccid, hysterial, infantile) paralysis]
       •重症肌无力[bulbospinal paralysis]
       •扑翼样震颤[asterixis]
       •手足搐搦[tetany]
       •共济失调[ataxia]
       •手足徐动症[athetosis]
       •舞蹈样运动[choreiform movement (chorea)]
       •肌颤[muscular fibrillation]
       •肌阵挛[myoclonus]
       •震颤麻痹[paralysis agitans (shaking palsy,Parkison`s disease)]
       •颤动[tremor (twitch)]
       •随意运动[voluntary movement]
       •肌力正常（减退）[muscular power (myodynamia, myosthemic) is normal (decreased)]
       •肌力消失[loss of power]
       •左上肢肌力III度[3 degree in the left upper extrimity]
       •肌无力[weakness of the muscle (amyosthenia, myasthenia)]
       •肌张力减低[hypomyotonia (decreased muscular tone)]
       • 痉挛性（强直性）肌张力增高[spastic (tonic) hypermyotonia (hypertonia of the muscle, increased muscular tone)]
       •肌弛缓（肌张力缺失）[amyotonia]医学全在线网站www.med126.com
       •折刀现象[clasp knife]
       •齿轮样强直[cogwheel rigidity]
       •肌阵挛（痉挛）[muscular clonus (spasm)]
       •摇摆（蹒跚、剪刀形、鸭走形、酒醉小脑病、摇曳、慌张）步态[swaying (reeling, scissors, waddling, drunken, cerebella, cow, festinating)gait]
       •共济失调（共济运动，共济失调步态）[incoordination (coordinated movement, afaxic gait)]
       •跛行步态（间歇性跛行）[claudication gait (intermittent claudication)]
       •闭目难立试验（阳性，阴性）[Romberg`s sign (positive, negative)]
       •摸空征[carphology]
       •指鼻（指-指）试验[finger-nose(finger) test]
       •轮替动作[alternate motion]
       •跟膝胫试验[heel-knee-tibia test]
       •生理（病理）反射[physiologic (pathologic) reflex]
       •角膜（张口，结膜，咽，腭，眼睑，咳嗽，吞咽，对光，瞳孔）反射[corneal (gag, conjunctival, pharyngeal, palatal, lid, cough, deglutition, light, pupillary) reflex]
       •腹壁反射[abdominal wall reflex]
       •提睾（肛门）反射[cremasteric (anal) reflex]
       •肱二（三）头肌反射[biceps (triceps) reflex]
       •股二（四）头肌反射[biceps (quadricels) femories reflex]
       •三角肌（伸肌）反射[deltoid (extensor) feflex]
       •抓握（牵拉，吸吮，防御，条件）反射[grasp (stretch, sucking,protective, conditioned) reflex]
       •跖（骨膜）反射[plantar (periosteal) reflex]
       •跟腱反射[heel-tap (achilles tendon) reflex]
       •拥抱反射[clasping (embrace, Moro`s) reflex]
       •深（浅）反射[deep (superficial) reflex]
       •压眶反射[reaction to pressure on the supraocular notch]
       •桡骨膜反射[radioperiosteal reflex]
       •膝（跟腱）反射[knee (achilles) jerk]
       •反射活动协调[coordination of reflex action (activity)]
       •反射亢进（减弱，消失）[hyperreflexia (hyporeflexia, areflexia)]
       •亢进的[hypractive (increased, exaggerated)]
       •减弱的[hypoactive (decreased, diminished)]
       •消失的[absent (disappeared)]医学.全在.线www.med126.com
       •可疑的[questionable (equivocal)]
       •跟（髌，趾，腕）阵挛[ankle (patella, toe, wrist) clonus]
       •巴彬斯基（克尼格，奥本海姻，霍夫曼）征[Babinski (Kernig, Oppenheim, Hoffman) sign]
       •拉塞格（布鲁金，戈登，查多克，岗达）征[Lasegue (Brudzinski, Gordon, Chaddock, Bonoda) sign]
       •眼-心（竖毛）反射[oculo-cardiac (pilomotor) reflex]
       •皮肤划痕征[dermographism]
       •脑膜刺激征[sign of meningeal irritation]
       •颈强直[stiff-neck]
       •阳性（阴性）[postive (negative)]
       •未引出[be not found (discovered, elicited)]
       •失语（声）[aphasia (aphony)]
       •言语缓慢（不清）[bradylalia (barylalia)]
       •口吃（声嘶）[stuttering (hoarseness)]
       •外展（内收）[abduction (adduction)]
       •脊柱后（前，侧，前侧，后侧）凸[kyphosis (lordosis, scoliosis, lordoscoliosis, scoliokyphosis)]
       •屈曲（前曲，背曲，腹侧屈曲）[flexion (anteflexion, dorsiflexion, ventriflexion)]
       •旋转（旋前，旋后）[rotation (pronation, supination)]
       •伸直（前弯，后弯，侧弯）[extension (forward bending, backward bending, lateral bending)]
       •膝内（外）翻[genua varum (valgum)]
       •髋内（外）翻[coxa vara (valga)]
       •足内（外）翻[pes varus (valgus)]
       •X（O）形腿[deformed X(O)-shaped leg]
       •驼背[humpback (kyphosis, rachiocyphosis)]
       •多（并）指[polydactylia (syndactyly)]
       •关节僵硬[ankylosis (stiff-joint)]
       •骨性强直[bony ankylosis]
       •爪（扇）形手[claw (sector) hand]
       •肢端肥大[acromegaly]
       •杵状指[clubbing (clubbed finger)]
       •跛行[limping]
       •平足[flat foot (pes planus)]
       •静脉曲张[varicose vein]
       •静脉（蜂窝织）炎[phlebitis (cellulitis)]
       •活动受限[limitation of motion]
       •干（湿）性坏疽[dry (moist) gangrene]
       •垂腕[wrist drop]
       •梭形关节[fusiform articulus]
       •浮髌现象[floating patella phenomenon]
       •橡皮肿[elephantedema]
       •肌萎缩[muscle atrophy]
       •瘘管形成[sinus tract formation]
       •蹼指（趾）[palmature and webbed toe]
       •关节挛缩[contracture of joint]
       •凹陷（非凹陷）性水肿[pitting (non-pitting) edema]
       •关节变形（融合）[joint deformity (fusion)]
       •关节全（半）脱位[complete dislocation (subluxation of joint)]
       •关节肿大（肿胀）[arthrocele (arthroncus)]
       •关节活动障碍[articular dyskinesia]
       来源：医学全在线