第十三章   辅助检查[Diagnostic examination]
       1、X线检查[X-ray examination]
       (1)肺[lung]
       •clear[清晰]
       •enlargement of hilar shadows[肺门阴影增大]
       •increase of lung markings[肺纹理增粗]
       •calcified[钙化灶]
       •cavitation[空洞]
       •circular lesion (coin lesion)[球形病灶]
       •a minimal area of density[小块阴影区]
       •scattered spot(plaque-like) shadows[散在的点（片）状阴影]
       •a poorly defined patchy density[边界不清的片状阴影]
       •a round density[圆形致密影]  
       •pleural thickening[胸膜增厚]
       •hazziness(blunting, obliteration) of the costophrenic angle[肋隔角模糊（变钝、消失）]
       •elevation of diaphragm with limitation of movement[横膈抬高、活动受限]
       •encapsulated pleural effusion[包裹性胸腔积液]
       •hydropneumothorax[液气胸]
       •mediastinal displacement[纵膈移位]
       •hilar haze[肺门模糊]
       •increase of pulmonary hilar density[肺门密度增高]
       •pulmonary venous stasis(infarction)[肺淤血（梗塞）]
       •shadow[阴影性状]
       •hazziness[淡的]      
       •clouding[云雾状]   
       •diffuse[弥漫的]
       •veiling[面纱样]      
       •streaky[线状]      
       •patcky[絮状]
       •nodular[结节状]     
       •massive[块状]      
       •miliary[粟粒状]
       •confluent[融合状]   
       •homogeneous[均匀的]
       (2)心脏[heart]
       •left(right) atrial (ventricular) enlargement[左（右）房（室）增大]
       •a tortuous and prolonged aorta[主动脉屈曲延长]
       •“aortic type”(“mitral valve”)heart [主动脉型（二尖瓣型）心脏]
       •bulging pulmonary artery segment[肺动脉段突出]
       •a dilatation of the pulmonary artery[肺动脉扩张]
       •general enlargement of the heart shadow[心影普遍增大]
       •left(right) ventricular enlargement[左（右）心室增大]
       •left(right) atrial dilatation[左（右）心房增大]
       •boot-shaped heart[靴型心脏]
       •calcification of aorta[主动脉钙化]
       •waist of heart[心腰部]
       •vertical (slender; asthenic;horizontal;oblique)heart[垂位（狭长型；无力型；横位；斜位）心]
       (3)腹部平片[KUB film]
       •calculus[结石]   
       •calcified shadow[钙化影]
       •fluid levels with stepladder pattern[阶梯型液平]
       •gas-fluid level[液气平面]
       •subphrenic free air[膈下游离气体]
       (4)胃肠道钡剂检查[barium enema examination]
       •gastroenterography[胃肠造影]
       •double contrast radiography[双重对比造影]
       •es•ophageal peristalsis sign[食管蠕动征]
       •duodenal flexure(impression)[十二指肠曲（压迹）]
       •mucosal fold shadow of small intestine[小肠粘膜皱襞影]
       •peristalsis and empting signs of colon[结肠蠕动与排空征]
       •delayed gastric emptying time[胃排空时间延长]
       •fasting retention of stomach[胃空腹潴留液]
       •filling defect[充盈缺损]
       •disappearance of the mucosal folds[粘膜皱襞消失]
       •hypotonicity (hypertonicity)[张力减低（增高）]
       •irritable cap[球部激惹现象]医学.全.在线.网.站.提供
       •vigorous peristaltic activity( hyperperistalsis)[蠕动增强]
       •bradydiastalsis[蠕动减弱]
       •hypernakinesia[蠕动消失]
       •accelerated(reduced) evacuation[排空加快（减缓）]
       •skipping phenomenon[跳跃现象]
       •broadened and tortuous mucosal fold[粘膜增宽和迂曲]
       •flat mucosal fold[粘膜皱襞平坦]
       (5)胆道[bile tract]
       •oral cholecystography[口服胆囊造影]
       •intravenous cholecysto-cholangiography[静脉胆管胆囊造影]
       •trans-T-tube cholecystography[经T形管胆囊造影]
       •percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography(PTC)[经皮肝穿刺胆管造影]
       •dilated common duct[胆总管扩张]
       •gallblader concentrated satisfactorily[胆囊浓缩功能良好]
       •gallbladder with faint shadow, concentrated inadequately[胆囊显影不好，浓缩功能差]
       •contractibility[收缩功能]
       (6)骨骼[skeleton]
       •cortical thickening of bone[骨皮质增厚]
       •“onion skin”appearance[洋葱皮样改变]
       •periosteal reaction[骨膜反应]
       •osteoporosis( rarefaction)[骨质疏松]
       •ossification [骨化]
       •deformity[畸形]      
       •shortening[缩短]
       •displacement[移位]   
       •luxation[脱位]
       •subluxation[半脱位]  
       •malunion[连接不正]
       •greenstick fracture[青枝骨折]
       •multiple fracture[多发性骨折]
       •pathological fracture[病理性骨折]
       •joint space[关节间隙]    
       •intervertebral space[椎间隙]
       •calcification shadow of costal cartilage[肋软骨钙化影]
       •osteomalacia(osteomalacosis)[骨质软化]
       •hyperostosis osteosclerosis[骨质增生硬化]
       •sequestrum[死骨]
       •bone necrosis[骨质坏死]
       •swelling (destruction; degeneration) of joint[关节肿胀（破坏；退行性变）]
       •ankytosis[关节强直]
       •epiphyseal seperation[骨骺分离]
       •good alignment[对线良好]
       •good apposition[对位良好]
       (7)泌尿系统[urological system]
       •intravenous pyelography(IVP)[静脉肾盂造影]
       •retograde pyelography[逆行肾盂造影]
       •atrophy[萎缩]      
       •deformity[移位]
       •distortion[扭曲]
       •filling defect[充盈缺损]   
       •stricture[狭窄]
       •opaque(translucent) stone[不透光的（透光的）结石]
       (8)X线检查位置[X-ray]
       •anteroposterior projection[前后位]
       •postero-anterior(PA) projection[后前位]
       •lateral projection[侧位]
       •upright positin[立位]
       •oblique projection[斜位]
       •right (left)anterior oblique(RAO/LAO) projection[右(左)前斜位]
       •anteroposterior oblique projection[前后斜位]
       •lordotic position projection[前凸位]
       •axial position[轴位]
       •cranial projection[头位]
       •caudal projection[尾位]
       2、心电图[ECG/EKG]
           •4：3 Atrioventricular block [4：3房室传导阻滞]
           •Aberrant conduction[差异性传导]
           •Abnormal T wave [T波异常]
           •Absolute refractory period[绝对不应期]
           •AC interference[交流电干扰]
           •Accelerated idioventricular rhythm[加速性室性自主心律]
           •Accelerated rhythm[加速性心律]
           •Advanced A-V block[重度房室传导阻滞]
           •Afterdepolarization[后除极]
           •Amplitude[幅度]
           •Anomalous atrioventricular conduction[异常房室传导]
           •Anterior myocardial infarction[前壁心肌梗死]
           •Antero-septal myocardial infarction[前间壁心肌梗死]
           •Antigrade conduction[顺向传导]
           •Anterolateral myocardial infarction[前侧壁心肌梗死]
           •Arrest[停搏]
           •Arrhythmia[心律失常]
           •artifact[伪差]
           •Asystole[停搏]
           •Atria echo[房性回波]
           •Atrial arrhyttmia[房性心律失常]
           •Atrial enlargement[心房扩大]
           •Atrial synchronous ventricular pacemaker[房室同步起搏器]
           •Atrioventricular block[房室传导阻滞]
           •Atrioventricular conduction ratio[房室传导比]
           •Atrioventricular dissociation  [房室分离]
           •Atrioventricular junction[房室交界区]
           •Atrioventricular node  [房室结]
           •Atropine test  [阿托品试验]
           •Augmented lead[加压导联]
           •AV sequential pacemaker[房室顺序起搏器]
           •AVNRT／A-V node re-entry tachycardia[房室结折返性心动过速]
           •AVRT／A-V re-entry tachycardia[房室折返性心动过速]
           •Baseline[基线]医学全.在线.网.站.提供
           •Bi-directional ventricular tachycardia[双向性室速]
           •Bifascicular block  [双分支阻滞]
           •Bigeminy[二联律]
           •Bipolar Lead[双极导联]
           •Blocked PAC[房早未下传]
           •Bradycardia[心动过缓]
           •Brugada syndrome[布鲁加综合征]
       •Bundle branch block[束支传导阻滞]
       •Caliper[分规]
       •Capture[夺获]
       •Cardiac vector[心向量]
       •Coarse atrial fibrillation[粗房颤]
       •Compensatory pause [代偿间歇]
       •Concealed conduction[隐匿性传导]
       •Conduction system[传导系统]
       •Corrected QT interval[校正QT间期]
       •Coupling interval[配对间期]
       •DDD pacemaker [DDD起搏器]
       •Decremental conduction[递减性传导]
       •Deflection[偏离]
       •Delta wave  [预激波]
       •Double Masters exercise test [二级梯运动试验]
       •Dual-chamber pacemaker[双腔起搏器]
       •Ectopic beat  [异位搏动]
       •Electrical axis[电轴]
       •Electrical vector[电向量]
       •Electromechanical dissociation  [电机械分离]
       •End-diastolic PVC[舒张末期室早]
       •Enhanced antomaticity[自律性增高]
       •Escape rhythm[逸搏心律]
       •Exit block[传出阻滞]
       •Extensive anterior MI[广泛前壁心梗]
       •f wave  [f波]
       •F wave  [F波]
       •Fascicular block[束支传导阻滞]
       •Fibrillation[颤动]
       •Fine atrial fibrillation[细房颤]
       •First degree[一度]
       •Flutter[扑动]
       •Full compensatory pause[代偿间期完全]
       •Fusion beat[融合波]
       •High-degree atrioventricular block  [高度房室传导阻滞]
       •Holter[动态心电图]
       •Idionodal rhythm[结性自主心律]
       •Idioventricular[室性自主性]
       •Imcomplete compensatory pause [代偿间歇不完全]
       •Inferior MI[下壁心肌梗死]
       •Interference and dissociation[干扰和脱节]
       •Interpolated PVC[间位性室早]
       •Inverted T wave [T波倒置]
       •Irregular[不规则／不齐]
       •J point  [J点]
       •Junctional escape rhythm[交界性逸搏心律]
       •Lateral MI[侧壁心便]
       •LBBB[左束支传导阻滞]
       •Lead  [导联]
       •Left anterior fasicular block[左前分支阻滞]
       •Left axis deviation  [电轴左偏]
       •Long Q-T syndrome[长Q-T综合征]
       •Loose electrode  [电极松动]
       •Low voltage[低电压]
       •Lown-Ganong-Levime syndrome [L-G-L综合征[
       •LVH／Left Ventricular Hypertrophy[左室肥厚]
       •Marked bradycardia[显著心动过缓]
       •MI／Myocardial infarction  [心肌梗死]
       •Monophasic curve[单向曲线]
       •Multifocal PVC[多源性室早]
       •Multiform PVC [多形性室早]
       •Multistage stress test[多级运动试验]
       •Myocardial ischemia[心肌缺血]
       •Nonconducted PAC[房早末下传]
       •Non-Q wave MI[非Q波性心梗]
       •Nonsustained ventricular tachycardia  [非持续性室速]
       •Nontransmural MI[非透壁性心梗]
       •Normal sinus rhythm[正常窦性心律]
       •P mitrale[二尖瓣型P波]
       •P Pulmonale[肺型P波]
       •PAC／Premature atrial contractions[房性早搏]
       •Pacemaker rhythm[起搏心律]
       •Paired PVC [成对室早]
       •Para-systole[并行心律]
       •Paroxysmal junctional(supraventricular)tachycardia  [阵发性交界(室上)性心动过速]
       •Peri-infarction block[梗死周围阻滞]
       •Posterior MI[后壁心梗]
       •P-P interval [P-P间期]
       •P-R interval [PR间期]
       •P-R segment  [PR段]
       •Precordial Leads  [胸前导联]
       •Preexcitation syndrome[预激综合征]
       •Ptf value[心房终未电势]
       •Pulseless electrical activity[无脉性电活动]
       •PVC／Premature Ventricular Contractions[室性早搏]
       •Q(q) wave  [Q(q)波]
       •QRS Complex  [ORS波]
       •QT interval [QT间期]
       •Quadrigeminy[四联律]
       •RBBB  [右束支传导阻滞]
       •Reciprocal rhythm[反复心律]
       •Right axis deviation  [电轴右偏]
       •R-On-T phenomenon [R-on-T现象]
       •R-R interval  [R-R间期]
       •RVH／Right Ventricular hypertrophy[右室肥厚]
       •Second degree[二度]
       •Secondary changes[继发性改变]
       •Septal MI[间隔心梗]医学全在线www.med126.com
       •Sick sinus syndrome(SSS)[病态窦房结综合征]
       •Sinoatrial block  [窦房阻滞]
       •Sinus arrest  [窦性静止]
       •Sinus arrhythmia[窦性心律不齐]
       •Sinus bradycardia[窦性心动过缓]
       •Sinus p wave  [窦性P波]
       •Sinus tachycardia[窦性心动过速]
       •Speed of ECG paper[心电图纸走速]
       •ST segment depression  [ST段压低]
       •Standard Limb Leads[标准肢体导联]
       •Standstill[静止]
       •Strain[劳损]
       •Subepicardial ischemia  [心外膜下缺血]
       •Supraventricular[室上性]
       •T wave  [T波]
       •Ta wave[心房复极波]
       •Tachycardia[心动过速]
       •TDP／Torsade de pointes  [尖端扭转型室速]
       •Third degree[三度]
       •TP segment [TP段]
       •Treadmill test[运动平板试验]
       •Trifascicular block  [三分支阻滞]
       •Trigeminy[三联律]
       •U wave  [U波]
       •Unifocal PVC  [单源室早]
       •VAT／Ventricular activation time  [心室激动时间]
       •Ventricular enlargement[心室扩大]
       •Ventricular fibrillation  [室性颤动]
       •Ventricular flutter  [室性扑动]
       •VT／Ventricular tachycardia  [室性心动过速]
       •Vulnerable period[易损期]
       •Wandering atrial pacemaker[心房起搏点游走]
       •Wedensky effect[魏登斯基效应]
       •Wedensky facilitation[魏登斯基易化]
       •Wenckedach block[文氏阻滞]
       •Wenckebach phenomenon[文氏现象]
       •Wide QRS complex[宽QRS波]
       •Wolff-Parkinson-White(W-P-W)syndrome[W-P-W综合征]
       3、超声波[ultrasonograph]
       •rare tiny reflection[稀疏微波]
       •many tiny reflection[较密微波]
       •dense tiny reflection[密集微波]
       •high reflection[高波]
       •tall reflection in bunches[高束波]
       •distracting reflection in bunches[分散束波]
       •fluffy reflection of high amplitude[绒毛样高波]
       •bundles of irregular high reflection[杂乱高波]
       •liquid flat segment[液平段]
       •linear scan[线阵扫查]
       •sector scan[扇形扫查]
       •rcflection[反射]
       •refraction[折射]
       •multiple reflection[多重反射]
       •artifact[伪象]
       •internal echo[内部回声]
       •central echo[中央回声]
       •strong echo;hyperecho[强回声]
       •high level echo[高回声]
       •equal echo(isoecho)[等回声]
       •low level echo( hypoecho,mildly echo)[低回声]
       •echo free area( anechoic area,echoless area)[无回声区]
       •echolucent area( sonolucent region)[透声区]
       •dark area(silent gone)[暗区]
       •solid area[实质区]
       •liquify area[液化区]
       •spotty echo[斑点回声]
       •echogonic dotts[点状回声]
       •acoustic window(AW)[声窗]
       •homogenous[均匀性]
       •inhomogenous[不均匀性]
       •vegetation(Veg)[赘生物]
       •hump sign[驼峰征]
       •strong echo(SE)[强光团]
       •double light hand[双光带]
       •macaroni sign[通心面征（即双光带）]
       •acoustic shadow(AS)[声影]
       •double edge shadow[双边影]
       •fluid-fluid level with floating material sign[液-液分层征]
       •falls sign[瀑布征]
       •dough sign[面团征]
       来源：医学全在线