第十二章  实验室检查[Lab]
       1、血液细胞学检查（examination of blood cell）
       •全血细胞[complete blood cell (CBC)]
       •血常规检查[blood routine examination]
       •红（白）细胞计数[red (white) blood cell (RBC/WBC) count]
       •网织红细胞（血小板，嗜酸粒细胞）计数[reticulocyte (platelet, eosinocyte) count]
       •血红蛋白[hemoglobin (HB)]
       •红细胞比积[hematocrit (HCT)]
       •白细胞分类[WBC differential count]
       •平均红细胞容积[mean corpuscular count]
       •平均红细胞血红蛋白含量[mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH)]
       •平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度[mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)]
       •皱缩（裂片，棘形，泪滴状，球形，椭圆形）红细胞[crenocyte (schistocyte, acanthocyte, cacryocyte, spherocyte, elliptocyte)]
       •靶形（镰刀形）红细胞[target (sickle) cell]
       •中毒颗粒[toxic granulation]
       •中性粒细胞核左（右）移[neutrophil shift to the left (right)]
       •血沉[erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)]
       •空泡（核）变性[vacuolation (degeneration of nucleus)]
       •卡搏环[Cabot`s ring]
       •染色质小体[Howell-Jolly body]
       •嗜碱性粒细胞[basophilic granulocyte]
       •单核（淋巴）细胞[monocyte (lymphocyte)]
       •中性分叶（杆状）核粒细胞[neutrophilic segmented (stab) granulocyte]
       2、骨髓细胞学检查[examination of marrow cell]
       •myeloblast[原粒细胞]
       •promyelocyte[早幼粒细胞]
       •myelocyte[中幼粒细胞]
       •metamyelocyte[晚幼粒细胞]
       •band granulocyte[杆状核粒细胞]
       •polymorphonuclears[多形核粒细胞]
       •neutrophil granulocyte[中性粒细胞]
       •basophil granulocyte[嗜碱性粒细胞]
       •eosinophil granulocyte[嗜酸性粒细胞]
       •pronormoblast[原红细胞]
       •basophilic pronormoblast[早幼红细胞]
       •polychromatophilic normoblast[中幼红细胞]
       •orthochromatic normoblast[晚幼红细胞]
       •lymphoblast[原淋巴细胞]
       •prolymphocyte[幼淋巴细胞]
       •lymphocyte[淋巴细胞]
       •monoblast[原单核细胞]
       •promonocyte[幼单核细胞]
       •monocyte[单核细胞]
       •plasmablast[原浆细胞]
       •proplasmacyte[幼浆细胞]
       •plasmacyte[浆细胞]
       •megakaryoblast[原巨核细胞]
       •promegakaryocyte[幼巨核细胞]
       •granular megakaryocyte[颗粒巨核细胞]
       •platelet-producing megakaryocyte[产血小板巨核细胞]
       •iron staining of bone marrow smear[骨髓铁染色]
       •peroxidase staining megakaryocyte[产血小板巨核细胞]
       •iron staining of bone marrow smear[骨髓铁染色]
       •peroxidase staining(POX)[过氧化酶染色]
       •Sudan black staining(SB)[苏丹黑染色]
       •alkaline phosphatase staining(ALP)[碱性磷酸酶染色]
       •acid phosphatase staining(ACP)[酸性磷酸酶染色]
       •nonspecific esterase(NSE)[非特异性酯酶]
       •heated normal saline test[热盐水溶解试验]
       •ink phagocytosis test[墨汁吞噬试验]
       •lysozyme staining[溶菌酶染色]
       3、贫血的检查[examination of anemia]
       •serum iron assay[血清铁测定]
       •total iron binding capacity assay[总铁结合力测定]
       •serum ferritin assay[血清铁蛋白测定]
       •serum transferrin assay[血清转铁蛋白测定]
       •vitamin B12 assay[维生素B12测定]
       •folic acid assay[叶酸测定]
       •osmotic fragility test of erythrocytes[红细胞渗透脆性试验]
       •biochemical assay of pyruvate kinase[丙酮酸激酶的生化测定]
       •methemoglobin reduction test[高铁血红蛋白还原试验]
       •brilliant cresyl blue reduction test[煌焦油蓝还原试验]
       •reduced glutathione assay(GSH)[还原型谷胱甘肽测定]
       •glutathione stability test[谷胱甘肽稳定试验]
       •Heinz bodies staining[变性珠蛋白小体染色]
       •heat instability test[热不稳定试验]
       •isopropanol stability test[异丙醇试验]
       •RBC sickling test[红细胞镰变试验]
       •hemoglobin C test[血红蛋白C试验]
       •Hb absorption spectrum determination[血红蛋白吸收光谱测定]
       •hemoglobin electrophoresis[血红蛋白电泳]
       •anti human globulin test (Coombs test)[抗人球蛋白试验]
       •cold agglutinin assay[冷凝集素测定]
       •cold hemolytic test (Donath-Landsteiner test)[冷溶血试验]
       •heat hemolysis test[热溶血试验]
       •measurement of free Hb levels in plasma[血浆游离血红蛋白测定]
       •urinary hemosiderin determination (Rous test)[尿含铁血黄素检查]
       4、出血和凝血的检查[examination of hemostasis and coagulation]
       •platelet count[血小板计数]医学全在线www.med126.com
       •bleeding time (BT)[出血时间]
       •capillary fragility test[毛细血管脆性试验]
       •examination of capillary in nail fold with microscopy[甲床毛细血管镜检查]
       •assay of malondaldehyde for determination of platelet life-span[丙二醛法测定血小板寿命]
       •platelet adhesiveness test(PAdT)[血小板粘附性试验]
       •platelet aggregation test (PagT)[血小板聚集性试验]
       •platelet factor assay[血小板因子测定]
       •β-thromboglobulin (β-TG)assay[β-血小板球蛋白测定]
       •thromboxane A2(TXA2)assay[血小板血栓烷A2测定]
       •clot retraction quantitative assay[血块收缩定量测定]
       •coagulation time (CT)[凝血时间]
       •factor Ⅷ coagulant activity [因子Ⅷ凝血活性测定]
       •prothrombin time(PT)[ 凝血酶原时间]
       •recalcification time (RT)[复钙时间]
       •activated coagulation time(ACT)[活化的凝血时间]
       •kaolin partial thromboplastin time (KPTT)[白陶土部分凝血活酶时间]
       •stypven time(ST)[蛇毒时间测定]
       •fibrin peptide A (FPA)[纤维蛋白肽]
       •fibrin plate test[纤维蛋白平板溶解试验]
       •plasma plasminogen assay[血浆纤溶酶原测定]
       •thrombin time (TT)[凝血酶时间]
       •paracoagulation test[副凝试验]
       •staphylococcal clumping test (SCT)[萄葡球菌聚集试验]
       •immunological assay of fibrin-fibrinogen degradation products[纤维蛋白（原）降解产物的免疫学测定]
       •D-dimer fragments assay[D-二聚体测定]
       •α2-macroglobulin (α2-MG)assay[α2-巨球蛋白测定]
       •antithrombin Ⅲ(AT-Ⅲ)assay[抗凝血酶Ⅲ测定]
       5、肾功能检查[nephric function examintion]
       •non-protein nitrogen (NPN)assay[非蛋白氮测定]
       •urea nitrogen assay[尿素氮测定]
       •creatinine assay(Cr)[肌酐测定]
       •endogenous creatinine clearance test[内生肌酐清除试验]
       •phenolsulfonphthalein excretion test (PSP)[酚红排泄试验]
       •Masenthal`s test[莫氏试验]
       •radionucleorenogram[放射性核素肾图]
       6、肝功能检查[liver function examination]
       •serum transaminase[血清转氨酶]
       •glutamic pyruvic transaminase(GPT)[谷丙转氨酶]
       •glutamic oxalo-acetic transaminase (GOT)[谷草转氨酶]
       •serum alkaline phosphatase (S-AKP)[血清碱性磷酸酶]
       •serum alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme[血清碱性磷酸酶同功酶]
       •serum gamma glutamyltranspeptidase (S-r-GT)[血清r-谷氨酰转肽酶]
       •serum monoamine oxidase (S-MAO)[血清单胺氧化酶]
       •serum cholinesterase (S-ChE)[血清胆碱酯酶]
       •serum ceruloplasmin[血清铜蓝蛋白]
       •serum α1 -antitrypsin (S-α1AT)[血清α1抗胰蛋白酶]
       •serum protein[血清蛋白] 
       •albumin[白蛋白]
       •globulin[球蛋白]
       •serum cholesterol esters[血清胆固醇酯]
       •blood ammonia[血氨]
       •serum bilirubin[血清胆红素]
       •serum bile acid[血清胆汁酸]
       7、其他[the others]
       •lunch test[试餐试验]
       •serum amylase[血清淀粉酶]
       •uric amylase[尿淀粉酶]
       •serum lipase[血清脂肪酶]
       •serum methemalbumin[血清高铁血白蛋白]
       •serum total cholesterol(CHOL)[血清总胆固醇]
       •serum triglyceride(TG)[血清甘油三酯]
       •serum high density lipoprotein(HDL)[血清高密度脂蛋白]
       •serum low density lipoprotein (LDL)[血清低密度脂蛋白]
       •serum free fatty acids(FFA)[血清游离脂肪酸]
       •serum creatin phosphokinase (S-CPK)[血清肌酸磷酸激酶]
       •serum CPK isoenzymes[血清肌酸磷酸激酶同功酶]
       •serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase(S-GOT)[血清谷草转氨酶]
       •serum lactate dehydrogenase(S-LDH)[血清乳酸脱氢酶]
       •serum LDH isoenzymes[血清乳酸脱氢酶同功酶]
       •serum potassium [血清钾]  
       •血清钠[serum sodium]
       •serum chloride[血清氯]
       •serum calcium[血清钙]
       •inorganic phosphorum[无机磷]
       •serum magnesium[血清镁]
       •examination of malarial parasite from blood (bone marrow)smear[血（骨髓）涂片找原虫]
       •filaria examination from blood[血中找丝虫]
       •vitamin A assay[维生素A测定]
       •vitamin B1 assay[维生素B1测定]
       •vitamin B2assay[维生素B2测定]
       •Nicotinic acid assay[烟酸测定]
       •vitamin B6 assay[维生素B6]
       •vitamin B12 assay[维生素B12]
       •vitamin C assay[维生素C测定]
       •vitamin E assay[维生素E测定]
       •blood grouping [血型鉴定]
       •cross matching[交叉配合]
       •transfusion[输血]
       •A blood group[A血型]
       •B blood group[B血型]
       •AB blood group[AB血型] 
       •O blood group[O血型]
       •Rh blood group[Rh 血型]
       8、内分泌试验[endocrine test]
       •luteinizing hormone(LH)[黄体生成素]
       •thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH)[促甲状腺激素]
       •growth hormone(GH)[生长激素]
       •prolactin[催乳素]医学全在线www.med126.com
       •adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH)[促肾上腺皮质激素]
       •follicular stimulating hormone(FSH)[卵泡剌激素]
       •serum protein-bound iodine assay(PBI)[血清蛋白结合碘测定]
       •total 3,5,3`,5`-tetraiodothyronine(TT4)[总甲状腺素]
       •total 3,5,3`-triiodothyronine(TT3)[总三碘甲状腺原氨酸]
       •determina-tion of free T4and free T3[游离甲状腺素和游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸测定]
       •thyroxine-binding globulin as-say[甲状腺素结合球蛋白测定]
       •thyroidal uptake rate of 131I[甲状腺摄131碘率]
       •T3 suppression test[三碘甲状腺原氨酸抑制试验]
       •thyroid scintiscan[甲状腺闪烁扫描]
       •basal metabolic rate(BMR)[基础代谢率]
       •parathyroid hormone assay[甲状旁腺激素测定]
       •determination of calcitonin[降钙素测定]
       •urine 17-ketosteroids assay(17-KS)[尿17-酮类固醇测定]
       •urine 17-hydroxycorticosteroids assay(17-OHCS)[尿17-羟皮质类固醇测定]
       •urine free cortisol assay[尿游离皮质醇测定]
       •plasma cortisol assay[血浆皮质醇测定]
       •aldosterone assay[醛固酮测定]
       •corticosterone assay[皮质酮测定]
       •urine pregnanetriol assay[尿孕三醇测定]
       •ACTH stimulating test[促肾上腺皮质激素兴奋试验]
       •dexamethasone suppression test[地塞米松抑制试验]
       •urine catecholamine assay[尿儿茶酚胺测定]
       •urine vanillyl mandelic acid(VMA)[尿香草基杏仁酸]
       •testosterone assay[睾酮测定]
       •estradiol assay[雌二醇测定]
       •blood glucose assay[血糖测定]
       •glucose tolerance test(GTT)[葡萄糖耐量试验]
       •insulin releasing test[胰岛素释放试验]
       •serum C-peptide assay[血清C肽测定]
       •glucagon assay[胰升血糖素测定]
       •glycosylated hemoglobin assay[糖化血红蛋白测定]
       •plasma renin activity assay[血浆肾素活性测定]
       •5-hydroxytryptamine assay[5-羟色胺测定]
       •cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)[环磷酸腺苷测定]
       •cyclic guanosine monophosphate(cGMP)[环磷酸鸟苷测定]
       •prostaglandin assay(PG)[前列腺素测定]
       9、免疫学检查[immunological examination]
       •HbsAg[乙型肝炎表面抗原]
       •HbeAg[乙型肝炎e抗原]
       •anti-HBs[乙型肝炎表面抗体]
       •anti-HBc[乙型肝炎核心抗体]
       •anti-Hbe[乙型肝炎e抗体]
       •heterophil agglutination test[嗜异性凝集试验]
       •EB virus capsid antigen-lgA(VCA-lgA)[EB病毒壳抗原igA抗体]
       •immunofluorescent anti-body test for epidemic hemorrhagic fever[流行性出血热免疫荧火抗体试验]
       •Weil-Felix reaction[外裴氏反应]
       •complement fixation test for Q fever[Q热补体结合试验]
       •cold agglutination test[冷凝集试验]
       •widal`s reaction[肥达氏反应]
       •Brucella agglutination test[布氏杆菌凝集试验]
       •antistreptolysin-O(ASO)[抗链球菌溶血素“O”]
       •serological test for syphilis[梅毒血清学试验]
       •Wassermann reaction[华氏反应]        
       •[康氏试验Kahn test]
       •agglutination hemolysis test for leptospirosis[钩端螺旋体病血清凝集溶解试验]
       •intradermal test for schistosomiasis[血吸虫病皮内试验]
       •circumoval precipitin test for schistosomiasis[血吸虫病环卵沉淀试验]
       •cercarien hullen reaction for schistosomiasis[血吸虫病尾蚴膜反应]
       •indirect hemagglutination test for schistosomiasis[血吸虫病间接血凝试验]
       •enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for schistosomiasis[血吸虫病酶联免疫吸附试验]
       •intradermal test for paragonimiasis[肺吸虫病皮内试验]
       •casoni`s intradermal test[包虫病皮内试验]
       •serum C-reactive protein(CRP)[血清C反应蛋白]
       •α-fetoprotein(AFP)[甲种胎儿蛋白]
       •carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)[癌胚抗原]
       •E-rosette formation test[E花环形成试验]
       •lymphocyte transformation test(LTT)[淋巴细胞转化试验]
       •macrophage migration inhibition test(MMIT)[巨噬细胞移动抑制试验]
       •EAC-rosette formation test[EAC花环形成试验]
       •netroblue tetrazalium (NBT) reduction test[硝基蓝四氮唑还原试验]
       •determination of macrophage phagocytic function[巨噬细胞吞噬功能测定]
       •mixed lymphocytes culture test (LCT)[混合淋巴细胞培养试验]
       •serum immunoglobulin assay(Ig)[血清免球蛋白测定]
       •lg G[免疫球蛋白G]     
       •lg A[免疫球蛋白A]
       •Ig M[免疫球蛋白M]    
       •Ig D[免疫球蛋白D]
       •Ig E[免疫球蛋白E]
       •cryoglobulin test[冷球蛋白试验]
       •complement assay[补体测定]
       •circulating immune complex assay (CIC)[循环免疫复合物测定]
       •antinuclear antibodies assay(ANA)[抗核抗体测定]
       •anti-double-stranded DNA anti-body[抗双链DNA抗体测定]
       •examination of lupus erythematosis cell(LE cell)[红斑狼疮细胞检查]
       •rheumatoid factors assay(RF)[类风湿因子测定]
       •antismooth muscle antibodies assay(SMA)[抗平滑肌抗体]
       •antimitochondrial antibodies(AMA)[抗线粒体抗体]
       •anti-parietal cell antibody(PCA)[抗胃壁细胞抗体]
       •anti-myocardial antibody[抗心肌抗体]
       •antithyroid antibodies[抗甲状腺抗体]
       10、血气分析[blood gas assay]
       •blood PH[血PH]医学 全在.线提供
       •partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2)[二氧化碳分压]
       •carbon dioxide combining power(CO2CP)[二氧化碳结合力]
       •standard bicarbonate(SB)[标准碳酸氢盐]
       •actual bicarbonate(AB)[实际碳酸氢盐]
       •buffer base(BB)[缓冲碱]
       •base excess(BE)[剩余碱]
       •total carbon dioxide(T CO2)[二氧化碳总量]
       •oxygen content(O2-C)[氧含量]
       •partial pressure of oxygen(PO2)[氧分压]
       •oxygen saturation(O2sat or SaO2)[血氧饱和度]
       11、大便检查[stool examination]
           (1)exterior[外观]
       •formed[成形的]    
       •dry[干的]    
       •soft[软的]
       •loose[稀的]       
       •watery[水样的]    
       •liquid[液状]
       •sheep-dung[羊粪状]  
       •yellow[黄的]   
       •black[黑的]
       •acholic[无胆色的]   
       •tarry[柏油样]   
       •bloody[血性]
       •fatty[脂肪性]       
       •rice water[米汤样]
       •mucous[粘液性]     
       •mucopurulent[粘液脓性]
       •undigested[不消化的]
       （2）镜检[microscopy]
       •RBC[红细胞]      
       •WBC[白细胞]
       •pus cell[脓细胞]    
       •phagocyte[吞噬细胞]
       •ova count[虫卵计数]
       •hatching test[卵化试验]
       •concentration of ovae[集卵试验]
       •ova of roundworm[蛔虫卵]
       •ova of hookworm[钩虫卵]
       •ova of pinworm[蛲虫卵]
       •ova of whipworm[鞭虫卵]
       •ova of schistosoma[血吸虫卵]
       •ova of clonorchis sinensis[华支睾吸虫卵]
       •ova of fasciolopsis[姜片虫卵]
       •ova of tapeworm[绦虫卵]
       •trichominad[滴虫]
       •trophozoites and cysts of entamoeba hestolytica[溶组织内阿米巴滋养体及包囊]
       •Endameba coli[结肠阿米巴]
       •trophozoites and cysts of Giardia lamblia[蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫滋养体及包囊]
       •Charcot-Leyden`s crystals[夏科—雷登氏结晶]
       (3)化学检查[chemical examination]
       •occult blood test(OBT)[隐血试验]
       •coproporphyrins[粪卟啉]
       •fecal urobilin qualitative test[粪胆素定性试验]
       12、小便检查[urine examination]
       (1)colour[颜色]
       •light yellow[淡黄]  
       •milky[乳白]
       •bloody[血性]      
       •red[红色]
       •thick tea in color[浓茶状]
       (2)transparency[透明度]
       •clear[清晰]    
       •cloudy[混浊]
       (3)smell[气味]
       •ammoniacal smell[氨味]   
       •apple smell[苹果味]
       •putrid smell[腐臭味]
       (4)acid or alkaline[酸碱性]
       •acid[酸性]  
       •alkaline[碱性]   
       •PH urinary [尿PH]
       (5)microscopy[镜检]
       •high power lens(HP)[高倍镜]
       •low power lens(LP)[低倍镜]
       •RBC[红细胞]    
       •WBC[白细胞]
       •pus cell[脓细胞]  
       •epithelial cell[上皮细胞]]
       •small round epithelial cell[小圆上皮细胞]
       •renal tubular epithelial cell[肾小管上皮细胞]
       •transitional epithelial cell[移行上皮细胞]
       •squamous epithelial cell[鳞状上皮细胞]
       •atypical cell[非典型细胞]
       •RBC:1-2 per high power field(=RBC 1-2/HP) [每高倍视野有1-2个红细胞]
       •cellular cast[细胞管型]
       •RBC cast[红细胞管型]   
       •WBC cast[白细胞管型]
       •pus cast[脓细胞管型]    
       •epithelial cast[上皮管型]
       •fatty cast[脂肪管型]     
       •granular cast[颗粒管型]
       •hyaling cast[透明管型]   
       •tube cast[肾小管型]
       •urate cast[尿酸盐管型]   
       •waxy cast[蜡样管型]
       •calcium oxalate crystal[草酸钙结晶]
       •phospheate crystal[磷酸盐结晶]
       •urate crystal[尿酸盐结晶]
       •sulphanilamide crystal[磺胺结晶]
       •bilirubin crystal[胆红素结晶]
       •cholesterol crystal[胆固醇结晶]
       •mucous threads[粘丝]
       •spermatozoa[精子]
       •trichomonas parasite[滴虫]
       (6)化学成分[chemical composition]
       •protein[蛋白质]          医学 全在.线提供www.med126.com
       •albumin[白蛋白]
       •Bence-Jone protein[本周氏蛋白]
       •sugar[糖]        
       •ketobodies[酮体]
       •acetone[丙酮]    
       •urobilinogen[尿胆原]
       •occult blood test(OBT)[隐血试验]
       •hemoglobin[血红蛋白]
       •myoglobin[肌红蛋白]
       •qualitative analysis of chyle[乳糜定性]
       •amylase[淀粉酶]
       (7)尿电解质测定[lytes]
       •potassium assay[钾测定]
       •sodium assay[钠侧定]
       •chloride assay[氯测定]    
       •calcium assay[钙测定]
       •magnesium assay[镁测定]
       •inorganic phosphorus assay[无机磷测定]
       (8)尿其他检查[the others]
       •pregnance test[妊娠试验]
       •recovery of parasite from urine[尿中找寄生虫]
       •recovery of bacteria from urinary sediment[尿沉渣涂片找细菌]
       •recovery of mycobacterium from urinary smear[尿涂片找抗酸杆菌]
       •urinary three cups test[尿三杯试验]
       •antibody coated bacteria[抗体包裹细菌]
       •urinary lead assay[尿铅测定]
       •Congo red test[刚果红试验]
       •urinary protein electrophoresis[尿蛋白电泳]
       •urinary protein disc electrophoresis[尿蛋白圆盘电泳]
       •urinary fibrin (fibrinogen) degradation product(FDP)[尿纤维蛋白（原）降解产物]
       •urinary complement 3(C3)[尿补体3]
       •osmotic pressure assay[渗透压测定]
       •bacterial count of urine[尿菌落计数]
       13、脑脊液检查[CSF examination]
       •pressure[压力]
       •stookey test[压腹试验]
       •clear[清晰]   
       •cloudy[混浊]
       •pellicle formation[薄膜形成]
       •bloody[血性]   
       •yellow[黄色]
       •pink[粉红色]  
       •purulent[脓性]
       •cell count[细胞计数]
       •Pandy`s test[潘氏试验]
       •protein electrophoresis[蛋白电泳]
       •immunoglobulin assay[免疫球蛋白测定]
       •glucose[葡萄糖]
       •chloride[氯化物]
       •LDH[乳酸脱氢酶]
       •bacteria[细菌]
       14、浆膜腔液检查[fluid examination]
       •exfoliative cyte[脱落细胞]
       •appearance[外观]
       •specific gravity[比重]
       •cell count[细胞计数]   
       •Rivalta test[李瓦他试验]
       •protein[蛋白质]       
       •glucose[葡萄糖]
       •LDH[乳酸脱氢酶]    
       •bacteria[细菌]
       15、消化液检查[GI fluid examination]
       •basal gastric quantity[基础胃液量]
       •basal acid output(BAO)[基础排酸量]
       •maximal acid output(MAO)[最大排酸量]
       •total acidity[总酸度]   
       •free acid[游离酸]
       •cell[细胞]      
       •bacteria[细菌]
       •occult blood test[隐血试验]
       •quantity[量]      
       •colour[颜色]    
       •transparancy[透明度]
       •cell[细胞]        
       •crystal[结晶]   
       •ova[虫卵]
       16、痰检查[sputum examination]
       •sputum quantity[痰量]    
       •colour[颜色]
       •viscosity[粘稠度]        
       •smell[气味]
       •WBC[白细胞]    
       •RBC[红细胞]
       •cancer cell[肿瘤细胞]    
       •lipophages[噬脂细胞]
       •Charcot-Leyden`s crystal[夏科-雷登氏结晶]
       •sputum smear[痰涂片]医.学 全在.线提供www.med126.com
       17、精液和前列腺液检查[examination of seminal and prostate fluid]
       •seminal fluid quantity[精液量]
       •sperm count[精子计数]
       •sperm morphology[精子形态]
       •sperm motility[精子活动度]
       •pH[酸碱度]
       •lecithin body[卵磷脂小体]
       •granular cell of prostate[前列腺颗粒细胞]
       •cancer cell[癌细胞]   
       •bacteria[细菌]
       18、细菌培养[culture]
       •bacterial culture of blood[血培养]
       •bacterial culture of stool[粪培养]
       •urine culture[尿培养]
       •bacterial culture of CSF[脑脊液培养]
       •bacterial culture of sputum[痰液培养]
       •swabs culture of pharynx and tonsil[咽喉及扁桃体拭子培养]
       •swabs culture of nose[鼻拭子培养]
       •swabs culture of ear[耳拭子培养]
       •swabs culture of eye[眼部拭子培养]
       •bacterial culture of gastric juice[胃液细菌培养]
       •bacterial culture of bile[胆汁细菌培养]
       •bacterial culture of pyogenic fluids[脓液培养]
       •anaerobic bacteria culture[厌氧菌培养]
       •spirochetes examination[螺旋体检查]
       •fungi examination[真菌检查]
       来源：医学全在线