baby (babies) 婴儿 newborn baby (babies) 新生儿

        children (child) 儿童 patient(s) 患者，病人

        debilitated patients 体弱患者 pediatric 儿科的

        elderly patient(s) 老年患者 pregnant women 孕妇

        female 女性 senile patient(s) 老年患者（病人）

        5、给药方式的表示法：多用副词成或介词短语表示，例如：

        intra-arterially 静脉内给药 by mouth (OS) 口服

        intragluteally 臀肌内给药 by phleboclysis 静脉输液

        intramuscularly 肌内给药 by intramuscular (IM) injection 肌肉注射

        intraperitoneally 腹（膜）腔内给药 by intravenous (IV) injection 静脉注射

        intrapleurally 胸（膜）腔内给药 by the intra-articatar administration 关节内给药

        intrathecally 鞘内给药 by the intramuscular administration (route) 肌内给药

        intravenously 静脉内给药 by the intranasal route 鼻内给药

        locally 局部给药 orally 口服给药

        parenterally 肠道外给药 by the intraperitoneal administration 腹（膜）腔内给药

        subconjuntivally 结膜下给药 by the intravenous infusion (perfusion) 静脉输注

        subcutaneously 皮下给药 sublingually 舌下给药

        submucously 粘膜下给药 by the intrathecal administration 鞘内给药

        by aerosol 喷雾给药 by the subligual administration 舌下给药

        by drip phleboclysis 点滴静脉输液 per rectum 直肠给药

        by enema 灌肠 per vaginum 阴道给药

        by lumbar 腰椎给药 pro recto 直肠给药

        此外还有许多其他的表示法，不一一列举。

        6、表示“投药”的常用动词

        administer (或be administered、give、be given、indicate、be indicated) 给药、投药

        use (或be used 、employ、be employed) 用药

        recommend (be recommended、suggest、be suggested) 推荐给药

        7、表示不同的用药方式的动词：

        take 服用 inhale 吸入 apply to 用于、涂于、敷于

        spray 喷雾 inject 注射 swallow 吞服

        例6 …the recommended single dose is 1 ampoule, given subcutaneously, intramuscularly or intravenously.

        建议一次剂量为1安瓶，皮下、肌肉或静脉注射给药。

        例7 I.M injections should be administered in the amount of 25-50mg daily per kilo of body weight, subdivided into injections every 6-8-12 hours.

        肌肉注射：每日每公斤体重给药25-50mg，每6-8-12小时一次。

        例8 For adults give intramuscular injection of 400 to 600 mg per day in 2-3 divided doses. For intants give intramuscular injection of 10-20mg/kg per day in two divided doses.

        成年人：肌肉注射，每日400-600mg，分2-3次注射；婴儿：肌肉注射，每日10-20mg/kg体重，分2次注射。

        例9 The tablets (or the syrup) are to be taken during or after a meal with a little liquid.

        片剂（或糖浆）应于食间或饭后用少量液体送服。

        例10 Apply the Nitro-Dur system firmly to the skin surface. The Nitro-Dur system may be applied to any convenient skin area, a recommended side of application is the arm or chest.

        把护心贴片紧贴在皮肤表面，护心贴片可贴在任何方便的皮肤区域，最好是贴在手臂或胸部。

        例11 In general 1 to 3 metered doses should should be inhaled or sprayed onto or under the tongue at the every oneset of anginal pain.

        一般应在心绞痛开始发作时就吸入，或向舌上或舌下喷入1-3个规定的剂量。

        8、其它的短语或句型，例如：

        according to 根据 be adjusted 调整 depend on 依据 adapt to 适合，修改

        on the basis of 在…基础上 vary from…to… 变化范围由…至…，因…而异

        range from … to … 变化范围由…至…

        it is advisable to (it is recommended to、it is suggested to ) 建议…

        例子很多，不一一列举。

        例12 Dosage should be adapted to patients individually, on the basis of periodic tests of glycosuria and blood sugar.

        在周期性检验尿糖和血糖的基础上，调整剂量，使之适用于不同的患者。

        例13 It si advisable to initiate therapy with massive doses: 3x2 tablets daily after meals over 2-4 days.

        建议开始治疗时采用大剂量，每日剂量为3x2片，饭后服用，持续2-4日。

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