2.部分倒装的构成条件

(1)具有否定意义的词或短语置于句首时，句子一般要部分倒装，即将系动词、助动词或情态动词提到主语前。这类词或短语包括：not，never，seldom，hardly，rarely，scarcely，by no means，under no circumstance，in no way，at no time，no sooner ... than，hardly...when，not only ... but also...，in no sense，on no account，at no point，little，nowhere，barely，scarcely ... when/before，not until，in vain，still less等。例如：

_____ to speak when the audience interrupted him. (1991)

［A］ Hardly had he begun［B］ No sooner had he begun［C］ Not until he began［D］ Scarcely did he begin

答案为［A］。hardly ... when为固定搭配，hardly置于句首，要求部分倒装。scarcely ... when也是固定搭配，但［D］ 的时态不正确。

(2)as引导的让步状语从句常用倒装。一般将一些形容词、副词等置于句首。例如：

Outstanding as she is in her field, she remains easygoing.

(3)当so，often，only等表示程度或频率的副词置于句首时，句子一般部分倒装。例如：

So involved with their computers _____ that leaders at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games. (2001)

［A］ became the children［B］ become the children［C］ had the children become［D］ do the children become

答案为［D］。由于So involved位于句首，句子采用倒装形式。因为句子的时态是一般现在时，所以要借助于助动词do来构成倒装。把这句话改成正常语序是：The children become so involved with their computers that leaders at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games. (孩子们对他们的电脑如此着迷，以至于电脑夏令营的领导不得不经常强迫他们停下来，做些体育运动和游戏。)

(4)省略if的非真实条件从句中，助动词、情态动词要提前。例如：

_____ for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so thriving as it is. (1998)

［A］ Had it not been［B］ Were it not［C］ Be it not［D］ Should it not

答案为［A］。if 省略，助动词提前，从句表达与过去事实相反的虚拟情况。

(四)平行结构

由not only ... but also，would rather... than...，would sooner... than...，more... than...，rather than(而不是)，and，or连接的成分要求在语法形式上保持平行一致。例如：

例1：It is better to die on one's feet than _____. (1991)

［A］ living on ones knees［B］ live on ones knees［C］ on one's knees［D］ to live on one's knees

答案为［D］。to die on one's feet与to live on one's knees在语法形式上保持一致。

例2：We are taught that a business letter should be written in a formal style _____ in a personal style. (1995)

［A］ rather than［B］ other than［C］ better than［D］ less than

答案为［A］。根据句意及in a formal style与in a personal style成分一致的线索，可断定本句是想表达“应该…，而不应该…”，故只有［A］ 正确。other than表示“除了…”，常用于否定句。句意：商务书信必须用正式文体而不是个人文体来写。
来源：百度

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