英语语调的意义
作者:古龙 2009-07-04语际翻译公司 转载请注明https://www.scientrans.com
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A用升调提问,表示A心中没有把握,因此,得到的回答既可能是肯定的,也可能是否定的。因此,如果听到下面的对话并就所提问题进行选择时,哪个选项正确也就不言而喻了。
8)W:Mary says she likes playing tennis.
M:But she doesn't play tennis often,does she?(↙)
Q:Whatdoesthe man imply about Mary?(B)
[A]She plays a lot of other sports.
[B]She doesn't really like tennis.
[C]She only likes watching tennis.
[D]She has a lot of things to do.
3.语调可以反应谈话人的互动性。如:
9)A:Are you Mr.Blake?
B:Yes.(↙)
A:Room twenty-six.
在这个例子中,B用降调说“Yes”,表示B的认可,这是一个封闭式的回答,这表明如果A没有新的问题要问或新的信息要告知,也许他们的对话就可以结束了。
10)A:Are you Mr.Blake?
B:Yes?(↗)
A:Ah,the secretary would like a word with you.
在这个例子中,B用升调回答“Yes”,表示这是一个开放式的回答,相当于:“Yes. But why do you ask?”或是“Yes.But who want to know?”之意。这也就是说,B在回答A的问题的同时又向A提出了一个新问题,并要求A予以回答。
掌握了这一点之后,对于下面的对话所提问的问题,就不难回答了。
11)M:How long shall we stay at the Grand Canyon?
W:A day?(↗)
Q:What does the woman mean?(B)
[A]We shall stay at the Grand Canyon for one day.
[B]Shall we stay at the Grand Canyon for one day?
[C]To stay at the Grand Canyon for one day is too short.
[D]To stay at the Grand Canyon for one day is enough.
4.陈述句式一般读降调,用以陈述事实。若读升调,往往表示对所说事情的怀疑。如:
She lent him her car.(↙)(用以陈述事实)
She lent him her car?(↗)(表示惊奇、的怀疑,含有“Did she really lend her car to him ?”之意。)
再请看下面的试题:
12)M:I started driving at 8:00yesterday and arrived here at 5:30 this morning.
W:You drove all night?(↗)
Q:What does the woman mean?
[A]Night driving can be dangerous.
[B]You shouldn't have driven during the night.
[C]Why don't you drive all night?
[D]Did you really drive all night?
答案为D。
5.有些一般疑问句的句式读作降调,实际上表示感叹。如:Hasn't she grown!(↙)这句话实则表示:她长得多快!
请看下面的试题:
13)M:Wasn't Sam's speech great!(↙)
W:Are you serious?
Q:What does the man say about Sam's speech?
[A]Sam's speech wasn't great,was it?
[B]Sam's speech was great,wasn't it?
[C]Sam gave a serious speech.
[D]Sam was not serious.
答案为B。
这里顺便说一下,问句不表示疑问的另一种情况:当一方提出一个问题,而另一方用问句作为回答时,这个问句有时是不需要回答的,而实际上相当于陈述句,但别有意味。如:
14)A:Are you going to watch TV again?
B:What else is there to do?(↗)
B反问A一个问题“What else is there to do?”,意思是:(除了看电视)还有什么好干的呢?
因此,对下面的问题就不难回答了。
15)M:Do you think Petty is qualified to do the job?
W:If Petty is not,who is?(↗)
Q:What does the woman mean?(C)
[A]Petty is not qualified for the job.
[B]Nobody is qualified for the job.
[C]Petty is well qualified for the job.
[D]Allexcept Petty are qualified for the job.
有些一般疑问句句式也不需要回答,其功能也相当于陈述句,但肯定结构表否定,否定结构表肯定,而且传递了说话人浓烈的情绪。如:
16)W:Haven't you got anything better to do?(↗)
M:Ok,Mum ,I'll turn off the TV and begin to do my homework.
显然,妈妈的意思是责备儿子不应该看电视,而应该做比看电视更有益的事--也就是说,妈妈认为儿子有更好的事可做。而对话中,儿子当然也明白妈妈的意思,因此说要关掉电视,开始做功课。再如:
17)M:I've observed you for ten minutes.What have you been doing?
W:Are you blind?(↗)
Q:What can be inferred about the woman's attitude toward the man?(B)
[A]Polite.
[B]Unfriendly.
[C]Indifferent.
[D]Cautious.
女士用肯定结构的一般疑问句说“Are you blind?”,意思是说“你不是瞎子,难道看不见吗?”故而可知,女士不太友善。
总而言之,只要英语学习者内心树立了对语调的重视意识,培养起敏感的感知能力和反应能力,经过多年的英语学习和积累,再加上我们从母语中获得的语调知识,我们肯定能成功应付语调的问题。而在听力考试中,除了我们能听得到的说话人的语音特征,如语速、的绝对调高、的语调范围及语调之外,辅之以词汇意义、的上下文线索、的四个选项所圈定的范围等,选出正确的选项应该不是一个困难的问题。
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